disorders of childhood / adolencence Flashcards
childhood disorders
externalising disorders
are haracterised by more outward directed behaviours such as aggressiveness, noncompliance, overactivity and impulsiveness inclusinf attention decifit / hyperactivity disorders, conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disoder
internalising disorders
are characterised by more inward focused experiences and behaviours such as deression social withdraw and anxiety; the category includes childhood aniety and mood disorder.
four important interacting factors in childhood disorders
genetic factors
temperament and individual differences
phyical prblems like brain damage, chronc physical disease
environmental, family, social, and cultural causes like chronic adversities and physical nd emotional maltreatment
identification of disorders
chief complaint hostory of prsent illness developmental history and milestone psychiatric history medical histrory including immunization family social history and parents marital status educationalhistory and current school functioning peer relatiosnhip history current fmily functioning family sychiatrc and medical histories current physical examination develomental, psychlogical and educational testig formulation and summary DSM-V diagnsis
intellectual disability
significant sub average intellectual functioning existing with deficits n adaptive behaviour and manifested during the developmental period before 18.
learning disorders
condition in which indiviual shows problems in a speciic area of academic, language, speech or motor skill that is not due to mental retardation or deficient educational opportunities.
have average or above average intelligence but have difficult learnig specificsskill and this impedes school progress
reading disorder
dyslexia
involves significant difficulty with word recognition, reading comprehension nd typically written spelling as well
Disorders of written expression
Involves an impairment in the ability to write, including spelling errors errors in grammer and punctuati and very poor handwriting
Mathmatics disorders
Involves difficulty in rapidly and accurately recalling arithmetic facts, counting objects correctly and quickly and aligning numbers in columns.
Communication disorders
Expressive language disorders: involves difficulty expressing oneself in speech including difficulties in word finding speaking in phrases only by age 4, below age level use of grammer.
Phonological disorders: involves correct comprehension and sufficient vocabulary use, but unclear speech and improper articulation e.g blue comes out bu, and rabbit sounds like wabbit
Stuttering is a disturbance in verbal fluency that is characterised by one or more of the following speech patterns: frequent repetition or prolongation of sounds, long pauses between words substituting easy words for those that are difficult to articulate e.g words beginning with certain consonants and repeating whole words
Communication diaorders
Problems in the area of language or speech development. Five diagnosis are included: Expressive language Mixed receptive - expressive language Phonological disorders Stuttering Communication disorder NOS
Pervasive developmental disorders
Serious problems with an array of social and developmental delays and disabilities.
Severe impairment in social functioning and communication as well as severely restricted behaviours, interests and activities
Neurological dysfunction present in all of these disorders.
