Disorders of Appetite Flashcards
Why Polydipsia is a problem
Kidney and bone damage Headache Nausea Cramps Slow reflex Slurred speech Low energy Confusion Seizures
Causes of secondary Polydipsia - chronic
Diabetes mellitus and insipidus Kidney failure Conn’s syndrome Addison’s disease Sickle cell anemia
Causes of secondary polydipsia - medication
Diuretics
Laxatives
- both cause dehydration
Antidepressants
Causes of secondary Polydipsia - dehydrating (other)
Acute illness Sweating Fevers Vomiting Diarrhoea Underhydration
Insipidus vs Mellitus
DM - common, high blood sugar, treatment of high blood sugar
DI - uncommon, pituitary problem, impaired ADH production, treat with desmopressin
Other conditions leading to Polydipsia
Acute kidney failure
Conn’s syndrome - primary aldosteronism
Addison’ disease - hypoadrenocorticism
Primary Polydipsia causes
Mental illness - psychogenic Polydipsia (or acquired) -schizophrenia -anorexia -drug use (antidepressant) Brain injuries Organic brain damage
Adipsia
Inappropriately decreased or absent feeling of thirst
Increased osmolarity of urine - stimulates secretion of ADH - water retention - sensation of thirst decrease
Type A - most common
Type B
Type C
Type D
Anorexia signs
Low BMI Continuous weight loss Amenorrhoea Halitosis Mood swings Dry hair and skin Hair thinning
Anorexia causes
Genetic
Environmental
Psychological
Sociological
Anorexia mechanism
Serotonin
Anorexia grading
Mild - BMI >17
Moderate - BMI 16-16.99
Severe - BMI 15-15.99
Extreme - BMI < 15
Why is obesity increasing
Not lack of exercise - physical activity declined prior to obesity epidemic
Cheap, calorie-rich/nutrient poor beverages, sweets and fast food
Surgical treatment of obesity
People with BMI >40 or 35+ and cormorbidities
Most common roux-en-Y-gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy
Reduction in all cause mortality and morbidity after bariatric surgery
Hormonal changes after bariatric surgery
Reduced Ghrelin
GLP1 and GLP2 and PYY elevated
