Disorders of Appetite Flashcards
Define polydipsia, adipsia, anorexia and obesity
Polydipsia - excessive thirst or excess drinking
Adipsia - inappropriate lack of thirst with consequent failure to drink in order to correct hyperosmolality
Anorexia - lack or loss of appetite for food
Obesity - abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health
What causes secondary polydipsia?
More common. Medical issues that disrupt any step in osmoregulation or alter ADH can cause secondary polydipsia.
What chronic medical conditions can cause secondary polydipsia?
Diabetes insipidus & mellitus Kidney failure Conn’s syndrome Addison's disease Sickle cell anaemia
What medications can cause secondary polydipsia?
Diuretics
Laxatives - Both result in dehydration
Antidepressants
What can cause dehydration and therefore secondary polydipsia?
Acute illness Sweating Fevers Vomiting Diarrhoea Underhydration
What are the 10 symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
- Always tired
- Always hungry
- Frequent urination
- Blurry vision
- Sudden weight loss
- Numb or tingling hands and feet
- Wounds that won’t heal
- Always thirsty
- Sexual problems
- Vaginal infections
What are causes of primary polydipsia?
Mental illness - psychogenic polydipsia (or acquired)
Schizophrenia, Mood disorders - depressionandanxiety, Anorexia, Drug use
Braininjuries
Organic brain damage
What are the consequences of polydipsia?
Kidney and bone damage, Headache, Nausea, Cramps, Slow reflexes, Slurred speech, Low energy, Confusion, Seizures
What mental disorders are defined by abnormal eating habits?
Binge eating disorder Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Pica Rumination syndrome Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Describe epidemiology of eating disorders
Global eating disorderprevalence ↑ed from 3.4% to 7.8% between 2000 and 2018. 70 million people live with eating disorder.
What are the signs of anorexia and mechanism?
Signs: Low BMI, continuous weight loss, amenorrhea, halitosis, mood swings, dry hair, skin & hair thinning
Mechanism: Serotonin
How is anorexia defined?
Mild: BMI > 17
Moderate: BMI of 16–16.99
Severe: BMI of 15–15.99
Extreme: BMI < 15
How is obesity screened?
Height, weight and abdominal girth
Medical history:
Dietary and physical activity patterns, psychosocial factors, weight-gaining medications, familial traits
BMI = kg/m2
BMI of ≥30 or ≥25 + comorbidity or risk factor
How much do diet/exercise contribute to weight loss?
Only diet: 8.5%
Only exercise: 2.4%
Diet + Exercise: 10.8%
Who qualifies for surgical treatment of obesity?
People with a > BMI 40 or 35+ comorbidities.
Various procedures used but most common are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass & sleeve gastrectomy.
