Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastroenterology 2 > Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

Define SOCRATES

A

Site, Onset, Character, Radiation, Associations, Time Course, Exacerbating/Relieving Factors, Severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the abdominopelvic regions

A

Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

From superior to inferior, name the planes of the abdomen

A

Transpyloric, Subcostal, Supracristal, Intertubercular, Interspinous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is found at the transpyloric plane?

A 
Occurs at L1 level. Pylorus of Stomach
Neck of Pancreas
Fundus of Gallbladder
Renal Hilum
Duodenojejunal Flexure
End of Spinal Cord (adult)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is found at the subcostal and supracristal planes?

A

Subcostal Plane – L3
Origin of Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Supracristal Plane – L4
Bifurcation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What organs are found in each of the abdominopelvic regions?

A 
Right hypo: Gallbladder
Epigastric: Stomach, Duodenum, Pancreas
Left hypo: Pancreas
Right lumbar: Kidney
Umbilicus: Small bowel, caecum, retroperitoneal structures
Left lumbar: Kidney
Right iliac: Appendix + Caecum
Hypogastric: Transverse colon, bladder, uterus and adnexae
Left iliac: sigmoid colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What constitues foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

Foregut: Distal oesophagus to proximal half of 2nd part of duodenum
Midgut: Distal half of 2nd part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Hindgut: Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe visceral vs parietal innervation

A

Visceral: Autonomic
Sympathetic – T1 – T12, L1,L2
Parasympathetic – CN III, VII, IX, X, S2 - 4
Parietal: Somatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe site of pain and character in visceral vs parietal peritoneum

A 
Visceral:
Site of pain: Embryological origin
Character: Dull, crampy, burning
Parietal:
Site of pain: Well-localised 
Character: Sharp ache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe innervation and site of pain for different parts of gut

A 
Foregut 
Innervation: T5-T9 
Site: Epigastrium
Midgut
Innervation: T10-T11
Site: Umbilical 
Hindgut
Innervation: L1-L2
Site: Hypogastrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 categories do most painful conditions of the abdomen fall into?

A 
1. Inflammation 
Constant pain (‘aching’)
Made worse by movement
Persists until inflammation subsides
2. Obstruction of a muscular tube:
Colicky pain (‘gripping’)
Fluctuates in severity
Move to try and get comfortable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a third type of abdominal pain?

A

Prolonged obstruction of a hollow viscus causes distension. Constant stretching pain. Different from ache of inflammation & not colicky - may be due to ischaemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of pain is associated with the different organs?

A 
Kidneys - colicky
Liver - Constant 
Gallbladder - Colicky
Spleen - Constant 
Intestinal - Colicky
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare character of pain caused by ureteric colic, biliary colic and intestinal colic

A

Ureteric colic most intensely painful with greatest fluctuations in pain level. Waves of 3-10 minutes. Biliary colic remains at an almost constant intensity with shorter cycles. Intestinal colic least painful with lowest amplitude.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does upper zone pain radiate?

A

Gallbladder pain in right hypochondriac pain radiates through to the back and right. Stomach, duodenum and pancreas pain in epigastrium radiates straight through to the back. Pancreatic pain in the left hypochondriac region radiates through to the back and left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does central zone pain radiate?

A

Kidney pain in right lumbar region radiates to loin and groin - same fro left. Small bowel, caecum and retroperitoneal structure pain in umbilicus doesn’t normally radiate.

17
Q

Where does lower zone pain radiate?

A

Lower abdominal pain rarely radiates. Pain from structures deep in pelvis referred to lower back/perineum.

18
Q

What are 4 points about radiation of pain?

A
  1. Colicky abdominal pain is referred to the centre (Visceral sensation)
  2. Pain from parietal inflammation felt over inflamed area (Somatic sensation)
  3. When pain radiates it signifies other structures are becoming involved
  4. Small bowel pain doesn’t radiate but may move when somatic as well as visceral nerves become irritated
19
Q

Describe classic presentation of appendicitis

A 
Central then shifts to right iliac region
Gradual onset
Constant
No radiation
Nausea, anorexia, fever
No previous pain
Worse on movement
Dull ache
20
Q

Describe classic presentation of bowel obstruction

A 
Central
Gradual onset
Colicky
none
Vomiting, bowels not open
Previous colicky pain
Passing flatus relieves pain
Moderate
21
Q

Describe classic presentation of ureteric colic

A 
Loin
Sudden onset
Colicky
To groin
Vomiting
Previous colicky pain
Cannot find a comfortable position
Severe – 10/10
22
Q

Describe classic presentation of biliary colic

A 
Right upper quadrant
Sudden onset
Colicky
Right shoulder
Nausea, indigestion
After eating
Fatty foods
Can be 10/10
23
Q

List conditions causing pain in right hypochondriac region

A

Gallstones
Cholangitis
Hepatitis
Liver abscess

24
Q

List conditions causing pain in epigastrium

A 
Oesophagitis
Peptic ulcer
Perforated ulcer
Pancreatitis
Biliary tract disease
25
Q

List conditions causing pain in left hypochondriac region

A

Splenic abscess
Acute splenomegaly
Splenic rupture

26
Q

List conditions causing pain in right and left lumbar regions

A 
Renal colic
Pyelonephritis
Ovarian cyst 
Ovarian mass 
Ovarian torsion
27
Q

List conditions causing pain in umbilicus

A

Appendicitis (early)
Mesenteric adenitis
Meckel’s diverticulitis

28
Q

List conditions causing pain in right iliac region

A 
Appendicitis (late)
Crohn’s Disease
Ovarian cyst/torsion
Ectopic pregnancy
Hernias
Renal colic
29
Q

List conditions causing pain in the hypogastrium

A

Urinary retention
Cystitis
Uterine fibroid
Endometriosis

30
Q

List conditions causing pain in left iliac region

A 
Diverticulitis
Ulcerative colitis
Constipation
Ovarian cyst/torsion
PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Hernias
Renal colic

Gastroenterology 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions