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MSK test one > disorders/diseases from UE > Flashcards

disorders/diseases from UE Flashcards

1
Q

What is a “greenstick” fracture?

A

An incomplete fx of the clavicle, usually seen in a child s/p a fall

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2
Q

Where is the most common fracture site in the humerus?

A

At the surgical neck of the humerus

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3
Q

What part of the humerus is susceptible to avulsion fxs?

A

The greater tubercle where the supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor Ms. attach.

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4
Q

Where does the term the “funny bone” originate from?

A

The Ulnar N. runs along the ulnar groove on the humerus and this area can become compressed resulting in pain

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5
Q

What happens with severe abduction of an extended elbow?

A

Can result in the avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle

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6
Q

What occurs in a fx elbow?

A

The olecranon of the ulna is fractured, usually an avulsion fracture from the sudden forceful movement of the Triceps Brachii M.- usually occurs in a fall

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7
Q

What is a Colle’s Fracture?

A

A fx to the distal end of the radius usually seen from falling

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8
Q

What else can be injured with a Colle’s fracture?

A

An avulsion fx to the styloid process of the ulna

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9
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

A

The scaphoid bone

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10
Q

What happens sometimes as a result of a fx to the scaphoid bone?

A

avascular necrosis due to the bone fragment being separated from its blood supply

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11
Q

Where is the carpal tunnel?

A

The passage anterior to the carpal bones but posterior to the flexor retinaculum

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12
Q

What is within the carpal tunnel?

A

tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus and superficialis Ms., as well as tendons of Flexor Carpi Radialis M and Median N.

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13
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Pain, parathesia and anesthesia to the hand as a result in compression of the Median N. This will generally occur due to inflammation to the tendons there

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14
Q

Where is the ulnar canal located?

A

The depression between the pisiform and the hamulus of the hamate

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15
Q

What happens when there is compression at the Guyon Tunnel?

A

The Ulnar N will be compressed leading to loss of sensation and muscular weakness

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16
Q

What is a Boxer’s Fracture?

A

A fx to the distal end of the 5th metacarpal usually due to punching something with a closed fist

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17
Q

What will tear with the sudden contraction of the Biceps Brachii M like when throwing a ball?

A

The Glenoid Labrum- the anterosuperior part

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18
Q

What happens with shoulder separation?

A

An injury to the Acromioclavicular Joint- this can occur, with or without the rupture of the coracoclavicular L.

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19
Q

What movement does the dislocation of the glenohumeral joint generally do and why?

A

It will dislocate anteriorly and inferiorly- this occurs because the coracoacromial arch

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20
Q

What direction does the elbow dislocate generally and what ligament is torn?

A

It will dislocate posteriorly and will tear the Ulnar Collateral L.

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21
Q

What is a “students elbow” and other names for it?

A

Also called Dart throwers elbow or Miners elbow- It is inflammation of the Subcutaneous olecranon bursa due to excess friction between the skin and olecranon

22
Q

What is a Nursemaid’s Elbow?

A

The radial head being dislocated from the Annular L.- usually from the arm being pulled

23
Q

What is Bull Rider’s Thumb?

A

Sprain of the lateral collateral L or avulsion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

24
Q

What is Skier’s thumb and what is it also called?

A

Also called Game keepers thumb- Is the laxity or rupture of both the lateral and medial collateral L in the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint- results in hyperabduction of that joint

25
Q

What is a Baseball finger?

A

Also known a mallet finger- Sudden hyperflexion of the distal interphalangeal joint- will avulse the long extensor tendon

26
Q

What is a Ganglion cyst?

A

Irritation to the synovial sheaths will cause accumulation to the mucopolysaccharide fluid

27
Q

What is Dupuytren Contracture?

A

Disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia- there is partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits.

28
Q

What is winging of the scapula?

A

The result of paralysis to the serratus anterior M, usually from injury to the Long Thoracic N.- It causes the scapula to move away from the thoracic wall and makes abducting the upper limb beyond a horizontal position painful

29
Q

What is the most commonly injured muscle in the rotator cuff?

A

The supraspinatous M.

30
Q

What should occur when striking the Bicipital tendon?

A

Should produce the Bicipital Myotactic reflex- If the muscle does not tighten then there could be injury to the musculocutaneous N or C5/C6 anterior rami

31
Q

What is a popeye deformity?

A

When the tendon of the long head of the Biceps Brachii M. will dislocate/separate from the intertubercular groove causing the muscle to ball up in the upper arm

32
Q

What is Bicep Tendinitis?

A

Also known as Crepitus. Caused by repetitive movement of the long head of the Biceps Tendon leading to inflammation of the tendon

33
Q

What is Tennis Elbow?

A

pain over the lateral epicondyle and the posterior forearm which results from repetitive use of the extensor muscles in the forearm

34
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis?

A

Strain to the periostium of the lateral humeral epicondyle as a result of repetitive flexion/extension of the wrist

35
Q

What nerve is injured when the palm is cut superficially>

A

The median N which can result in the thumb losing the ability to do the opposition movement and loss of sensation to the thumb

36
Q

What can result from aneurysm to the Axillary A?

A

Can compress the brachial plexus resulting in pain or loss of sensation

37
Q

Where do you need to ligate the artery to cut off blood supply to the arm and why?

A

below the subscapular branch of the axillary A because this branch contains the circumflex scapular artery. This artery anastomosis with many other arteries and will allow blood flow back into the arm

38
Q

Where is a common site for venipuncture and why?

A

The median Cubital vein due to its superficial nature and the protection of underlying muscle due to the biciptal aponeurosis

39
Q

Why are the lymph nodes susceptible to getting cancer?

A

Metastasizing cancers, usually breast, will invade the lymph system

40
Q

What is Waiter’s Tip position?

A

It is injury to the upper portion of the brachial plexus usually as a result in the dramatically increased angle between the neck and the shoulder. The pt will have an adducted and medially rotated arm and extended elbow

41
Q

What is Claw hand? ( in regards to the brachial plexus)

A

An injury to the inferior portion of the brachial plexus- Dramatically increasing the angle of the neck and the trunk and the upper limb. It will affect the short muscles of the hand making a claw like hand when the pt tries to make a fist

42
Q

What is Klumpke paralysis?

A

Results from injury to the inferior portion of the brachial plexus- will result in a claw like hand when an individual tries to make a fist

43
Q

What happens to individuals who do alot of work that involves holding their hands over their head?

A

They will have compression of the cords of the brachial plexus and will have pain radiating down the arm, loss of sensation of tingling in the arms

44
Q

What will cause paralysis of the brachial muscles?

A

injury to the musculocutaneous N, usually from blunt force trauma

45
Q

What will cause atrophy to the deltoid muscle and loss of sensation to the superior lateral arm?

A

The injury to the axillary N or the superficial lateral brachial cutaneous N ( a branch of the axillary N)

46
Q

What is Ape’s hand?

A

injury to the median N at the wrist which will cause the thumb to be adducted and the thnnar eminense to atrophy.

47
Q

What is the hand of benediction?

A

Injury to the median N at the elbow which will inhibit flexion at the 2nd and 3rd digits as well as sx of apes hand

48
Q

Where can the ulnar N be damaged and what is the result?

A

Posterior to the medial humeral epicondyle, between the ulnar/humeral heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris M, in the wrist or the hand. Will cause loss of sensation and motor in the hand- things like claw hand will happen

49
Q

What is handlebar neuropathy?

A

Compression of the ulnar N at the hamulus of the hamate- will result in sensory loss at the medial side of the hand and weakness of the muscles

50
Q

What is wrist drop?

A

Injury to the radial N which will result in impairment of elbow extension and thumb abduction/extension

MSK test one (9 decks)

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