disorders/diseases from UE

Question 1

What is a “greenstick” fracture?

Answer 1

An incomplete fx of the clavicle, usually seen in a child s/p a fall

Question 2

Where is the most common fracture site in the humerus?

Answer 2

At the surgical neck of the humerus

Question 3

What part of the humerus is susceptible to avulsion fxs?

Answer 3

The greater tubercle where the supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor Ms. attach.

Question 4

Where does the term the “funny bone” originate from?

Answer 4

The Ulnar N. runs along the ulnar groove on the humerus and this area can become compressed resulting in pain

Question 5

What happens with severe abduction of an extended elbow?

Answer 5

Can result in the avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle

Question 6

What occurs in a fx elbow?

Answer 6

The olecranon of the ulna is fractured, usually an avulsion fracture from the sudden forceful movement of the Triceps Brachii M.- usually occurs in a fall

Question 7

What is a Colle’s Fracture?

Answer 7

A fx to the distal end of the radius usually seen from falling

Question 8

What else can be injured with a Colle’s fracture?

Answer 8

An avulsion fx to the styloid process of the ulna

Question 9

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Answer 9

The scaphoid bone

Question 10

What happens sometimes as a result of a fx to the scaphoid bone?

Answer 10

avascular necrosis due to the bone fragment being separated from its blood supply

Question 11

Where is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 11

The passage anterior to the carpal bones but posterior to the flexor retinaculum

Question 12

What is within the carpal tunnel?

Answer 12

tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus and superficialis Ms., as well as tendons of Flexor Carpi Radialis M and Median N.

Question 13

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 13

Pain, parathesia and anesthesia to the hand as a result in compression of the Median N. This will generally occur due to inflammation to the tendons there

Question 14

Where is the ulnar canal located?

Answer 14

The depression between the pisiform and the hamulus of the hamate

Question 15

What happens when there is compression at the Guyon Tunnel?

Answer 15

The Ulnar N will be compressed leading to loss of sensation and muscular weakness

Question 16

What is a Boxer’s Fracture?

Answer 16

A fx to the distal end of the 5th metacarpal usually due to punching something with a closed fist

Question 17

What will tear with the sudden contraction of the Biceps Brachii M like when throwing a ball?

Answer 17

The Glenoid Labrum- the anterosuperior part

Question 18

What happens with shoulder separation?

Answer 18

An injury to the Acromioclavicular Joint- this can occur, with or without the rupture of the coracoclavicular L.

Question 19

What movement does the dislocation of the glenohumeral joint generally do and why?

Answer 19

It will dislocate anteriorly and inferiorly- this occurs because the coracoacromial arch

Question 20

What direction does the elbow dislocate generally and what ligament is torn?

Answer 20

It will dislocate posteriorly and will tear the Ulnar Collateral L.

Question 21

What is a “students elbow” and other names for it?

Answer 21

Also called Dart throwers elbow or Miners elbow- It is inflammation of the Subcutaneous olecranon bursa due to excess friction between the skin and olecranon

Question 22

What is a Nursemaid’s Elbow?

Answer 22

The radial head being dislocated from the Annular L.- usually from the arm being pulled

Question 23

What is Bull Rider’s Thumb?

Answer 23

Sprain of the lateral collateral L or avulsion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 24

What is Skier’s thumb and what is it also called?

Answer 24

Also called Game keepers thumb- Is the laxity or rupture of both the lateral and medial collateral L in the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint- results in hyperabduction of that joint

Question 25

What is a Baseball finger?

Answer 25

Also known a mallet finger- Sudden hyperflexion of the distal interphalangeal joint- will avulse the long extensor tendon

Question 26

What is a Ganglion cyst?

Answer 26

Irritation to the synovial sheaths will cause accumulation to the mucopolysaccharide fluid

Question 27

What is Dupuytren Contracture?

Answer 27

Disease resulting in the shortening, thickening and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia- there is partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits.

Question 28

What is winging of the scapula?

Answer 28

The result of paralysis to the serratus anterior M, usually from injury to the Long Thoracic N.- It causes the scapula to move away from the thoracic wall and makes abducting the upper limb beyond a horizontal position painful

Question 29

What is the most commonly injured muscle in the rotator cuff?

Answer 29

The supraspinatous M.

Question 30

What should occur when striking the Bicipital tendon?

Answer 30

Should produce the Bicipital Myotactic reflex- If the muscle does not tighten then there could be injury to the musculocutaneous N or C5/C6 anterior rami

Question 31

What is a popeye deformity?

Answer 31

When the tendon of the long head of the Biceps Brachii M. will dislocate/separate from the intertubercular groove causing the muscle to ball up in the upper arm

Question 32

What is Bicep Tendinitis?

Answer 32

Also known as Crepitus. Caused by repetitive movement of the long head of the Biceps Tendon leading to inflammation of the tendon

Question 33

What is Tennis Elbow?

Answer 33

pain over the lateral epicondyle and the posterior forearm which results from repetitive use of the extensor muscles in the forearm

Question 34

What is lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 34

Strain to the periostium of the lateral humeral epicondyle as a result of repetitive flexion/extension of the wrist

Question 35

What nerve is injured when the palm is cut superficially>

Answer 35

The median N which can result in the thumb losing the ability to do the opposition movement and loss of sensation to the thumb

Question 36

What can result from aneurysm to the Axillary A?

Answer 36

Can compress the brachial plexus resulting in pain or loss of sensation

Question 37

Where do you need to ligate the artery to cut off blood supply to the arm and why?

Answer 37

below the subscapular branch of the axillary A because this branch contains the circumflex scapular artery. This artery anastomosis with many other arteries and will allow blood flow back into the arm

Question 38

Where is a common site for venipuncture and why?

Answer 38

The median Cubital vein due to its superficial nature and the protection of underlying muscle due to the biciptal aponeurosis

Question 39

Why are the lymph nodes susceptible to getting cancer?

Answer 39

Metastasizing cancers, usually breast, will invade the lymph system

Question 40

What is Waiter's Tip position?

Answer 40

It is injury to the upper portion of the brachial plexus usually as a result in the dramatically increased angle between the neck and the shoulder. The pt will have an adducted and medially rotated arm and extended elbow

Question 41

What is Claw hand? ( in regards to the brachial plexus)

Answer 41

An injury to the inferior portion of the brachial plexus- Dramatically increasing the angle of the neck and the trunk and the upper limb. It will affect the short muscles of the hand making a claw like hand when the pt tries to make a fist

Question 42

What is Klumpke paralysis?

Answer 42

Results from injury to the inferior portion of the brachial plexus- will result in a claw like hand when an individual tries to make a fist

Question 43

What happens to individuals who do alot of work that involves holding their hands over their head?

Answer 43

They will have compression of the cords of the brachial plexus and will have pain radiating down the arm, loss of sensation of tingling in the arms

Question 44

What will cause paralysis of the brachial muscles?

Answer 44

injury to the musculocutaneous N, usually from blunt force trauma

Question 45

What will cause atrophy to the deltoid muscle and loss of sensation to the superior lateral arm?

Answer 45

The injury to the axillary N or the superficial lateral brachial cutaneous N ( a branch of the axillary N)

Question 46

What is Ape's hand?

Answer 46

injury to the median N at the wrist which will cause the thumb to be adducted and the thnnar eminense to atrophy.

Question 47

What is the hand of benediction?

Answer 47

Injury to the median N at the elbow which will inhibit flexion at the 2nd and 3rd digits as well as sx of apes hand

Question 48

Where can the ulnar N be damaged and what is the result?

Answer 48

Posterior to the medial humeral epicondyle, between the ulnar/humeral heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris M, in the wrist or the hand. Will cause loss of sensation and motor in the hand- things like claw hand will happen

Question 49

What is handlebar neuropathy?

Answer 49

Compression of the ulnar N at the hamulus of the hamate- will result in sensory loss at the medial side of the hand and weakness of the muscles

Question 50

What is wrist drop?

Answer 50

Injury to the radial N which will result in impairment of elbow extension and thumb abduction/extension