Disorders and their characteristics

Question 1

What are the three symptoms associated with disorders?

Answer 1

Behavioural, emotional and cognitive

Question 2

definition of OCD

Answer 2

An anxiety disorder arising from persistent thoughts and repetitive behaviours

Question 3

Emotional characteristics of OCD

Answer 3

Intense anxiety

Question 3

Behavioural Characteristics of OCD

Answer 3

Compulsions (repetitive rituals performed as a result of the anxiety caused by the obsessions)

Question 4

Cognitive characteristics of OCD

Answer 4

Obsessive- irrational, persistent and intrusive thoughts, images or urges that repeatedly enter the mind

Question 5

Definition of depression

Answer 5

a mood disorder where an individuals feel a lack of interest in usual activities

Question 6

Behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 6

avoiding social events

Question 7

emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 7

low mood

Question 8

cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 8

irrational, negative beliefs

Question 9

definition of phobias

Answer 9

a group of disorders characterised by high levels of anxiety in response to stimuli

Question 10

behavioural characteristics of phobias

Answer 10

avoidance of phobic stimulus

Question 11

emotional characteristics of phobias

Answer 11

intense physiological feeling of fear

Question 12

cognitive characteristics of phobias

Answer 12

irrational beliefs

Question 13

definition of deviation from social norms

Answer 13

behaviour is abnormal if it goes against/ deviates from what society would consider the norm

Question 14

apply deviation from social norms to OCD

Answer 14

society has an unwritten rule that it is unacceptable/ unnecessary to engage in behaviour which is repetitive our realistic ie avoiding shaking somebody’s hand

Question 15

apply deviation from social norms to depression

Answer 15

society has an unwritten rule that it is unacceptable to have persistent low mood ie refusing getting out of bed is not helpful for work

Question 16

evaluation of deviation of social norms

Answer 16

x-the deviation from social norms definition is accused of being culturally relative
x-the definition is also era dependent
x-social norms are context dependent

Question 17

definition of failure to function adequately

Answer 17

behaviour is abnormal if it prevents a person from leading a normal, everyday life and oping with everyday activities. This causes the individual personal stress and discomfort because of their failure to cope

Question 18

what did rosenhan and seligman argue that behaviour becomes abnormal when it becomes

Answer 18

maladaptive, irrrational, unpredictable and causes observer discomfort

Question 19

Who says that failure to function adequately involves unconventional and immoral behaviour

Answer 19

Rosenhan and Seligman

Question 20

what is maladaptive behaviour?

Answer 20

the behaviour stops a person from reaching life goals, both socially and occupationally

Question 21

apply failure to function to OCD

Answer 21

a compulsive hand-washer may scrub the skin off their hands through excessive hand washing. This creates observer discomfort

Question 22

apply failure to function to depression

Answer 22

a depressive could be self-loafing and suicidial. This could be irrational as the individual could appear to be successful and happy

Question 23

apply failure to function to phobias

Answer 23

an individual could freeze or panic infant of their obit object/situation. this could be maladaptive as it stops them from going out

Question 24

evaluation of failure to function

Answer 24

x-one criticism of this definition is that adequate functioning is based on subjective judgements
x-failing to function adequately is culturally relative
x-failure to function is not a defining feature of abnormality

Question 25

definition of deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 25

behaviour is abnormal if it lacks the signs of what people consider to be the ideal mental health. `it is the absence of particular (ideal) characteristics

Question 26

What did Johada propose

Answer 26

that there are 6 characteristics of optimal living. She suggested that abnormal behaviour is defined by the absence of any of the characteristics that are associated with ideal mental health

Question 27

what are the 6 characteristics johada proposed are associated with ideal mental health?

Answer 27

(1) attitude toward own self; (2) growth, development, and self-actualization; (3) integration; (4) autonomy; (5) perception of reality; and (6) environmental mastery.

Question 28

apply deviation from ideal mental health to OCD

Answer 28

perception of reality-obsessions and irrationality

Question 29

apply deviation from ideal mental health to OCD

Answer 29

positive attitudes towards self-depression characterised by low self esteem and feelings of worthlessness

Question 30

apply deviation from ideal mental health to phobias

Answer 30

environmental mastery-anxiety and panic in the presence of everyday objects

Question 31

evaluation of deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 31

:)-this definition of abnormality takes a positive approach to behaviour
x-ideal mental health is based on subjective judgements
x-the criteria for ideal mental health is unrealistic

Question 32

definition of statistical infrequency

Answer 32

behaviour is abnormal if it is considered rare/ uncommon in the general population, or not seen very often in society

Question 33

apply statistical infrequency to OCD

Answer 33

approximately 0.5% of adults are classified as having OCD, therefore a minority suffer from OCD making it rare

Question 34

apply statistical infrequency to phobias

Answer 34

approximately 1.9% of US adults are classified as having a severe specific phobia. Therefore a minority of people suffer from a phobia making it rare

Question 35

evaluation of statistical infrequency

Answer 35

:)-compared to other definitions, statistical infrequency is more objective
x-statisitical infrequency is not necessarily a defining feature of abnormality
x-this definition is era dependent