disorders

Question 1

diabetes

Answer 1

• type 1, auto-immune system destroys insulin
• insulin is subsequently not produced
• hyperglaecemia, high level of sugar
• treated, no cure, can be managed very strictly, daily injections of insulin, test of blood sugars regularly
• type 2, usually starts in adulthood, influenced directly from liefstyle
• body produces less insulin or can not use it correctly
• insulin resistence
• increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, tingling / numbness in hands or feet, frequent infections and slow healing wounds
• high carbohydrate diet, lack of exercise, increasing age can cause it
• high fat low carbohydrate diet, out with junk food, loosing weight and regular exercise, sometimes oral drugs and insulin are given

Question 2

growth

Answer 2

• hyper-secretion (over secretion)
• hypo-secretion (under secretion
• hypersecretion causes gigantism, usually caused by tumour in pituitary gland, overdevelopment of skeleton
• can lead to acromegaly where bones in hands, feet and face are enlarged
• hyposecretion causes pituitary dwarfinism, body is still proportionally normal, often sexually immature
• treated with injections of synthetic growth hormone (STH) produced by engineered bacteria

Question 3

hypothyroidism

Answer 3

• in adults, myxoedema, mental and physical sluggishness, low blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory system and body temperature
• in children, cretinism, no physical growth, mentally retarded and no sexual development

Question 4

hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

• high body temperature and increased sweating
• blood pressure, heart rate and resipatory system increases
• muscular tremors and nervousness
• swollen thyroid glands
• pituitary detects low levels of Thyroxin in blood, it secretes more, and if levels are high then it inhibits further secretion

Question 5

infertility

Answer 5

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