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Dental Health and Disease (DHD) > Disinfection & Sterilisation > Flashcards

Disinfection & Sterilisation Flashcards

1
Q

Chain of infection? Process?

A
  • Susceptible host
  • Infectious agent
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of transmission
  • Portal of entry
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2
Q

Decontamination cycle? Process?

A
  • Use
  • Transport
  • Cleaning (acquisition)
  • Disinfection
  • Inspection
  • Packaging (disposed)
  • Sterilisation
  • Transport
  • Storage
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3
Q

Decontamination? Definition?

A
  • The combination of processes including cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilisation, used to render a re-usable item safe for further use
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4
Q

Cleaning? Definition?

A
  • The process that physically removes soiling including large numbers of micro-organisms and the organic material on which they thrive
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5
Q

High potential clinical contact surfaces? Examples?

A
  • Handles
  • Head of chair
  • Light head
  • Spit bucket
  • Chair buttons
  • Chair
  • Chair instruments
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6
Q

Disinfection? Definition?

A
  • Reduction in the number of viable micro-organisms on a product to a level previously specified as appropriate for its intended further handling or use
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7
Q

Inactivation of microorganisms? Types of drugs?

A
  • cidal: kill organism

- static: reduction in repro

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8
Q

Chemical disinfection? Mechanism and example?

A 
Disrupt cell mem:
- alcohol and detergents
Mod of prots:
- chlorine, iodine, heavy metas, H202, formaldehyde and strong acids/alkalis
Mod of nucelic acids:
- dyes
(thermal disinfection: washer)
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9
Q

Safety of disinfection agents? What to consider?

A
  • Toxicity
  • Shelf life
  • Ease of use
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10
Q

Sterilisation? Definition?

A
  • The process to render a product sterile
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11
Q

What is sterile? Definition?

A
  • Subject to a validated sterilisation process so there is less than 1 x 10-6 probability of a surviving organism
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12
Q

Sterilisation? Types and examples?

A
  • Items must be cleaned, rinsed and dried before going into the autoclave. - Items must not be touching
  • Non Vacuum: bench top steam steriliser; gravity displacmement for unwrapped instruments
  • Vacuum: porous load steriliser; forced air removal for porous loads and wrapped instruments
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13
Q

Methods of sterilisation? Examples?

A
  • Heat
  • Chemical
  • Radiation
  • Filtration
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14
Q

Sterilisation? Heat? Types and mechanism?

A
  • Destruction of micro-organisms by denaturing proteins

- Dry/Moist or Pasteurisation

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15
Q

Dry heat? Process?

A
  • Requires 180C held for 2 hrs

- mostly for glassware

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16
Q

Moist heat? Process?

A
  • Steam
  • Lower temp than dry hear
    Autoclave:
  • 134C for 3 mins
  • Steam enters and leaves via vent out to waste line
17
Q

Pasteurisation?

A
  • For milk
  • 62C for 30 mins
  • not sterile
18
Q

Chemical sterilisation? Characteristics?

A
  • Some instruments/plastics would be damaged by autoclaving
  • Chemical gas is an alternative
  • Ethylene oxide most common
  • Alkylates proteins and nucleic acids
19
Q

Radiation sterilisation? Characteristics and types?

A

UV radiation:
- Disrupts DNA replication
- Suitable for hospital environment
- x10 higher dose to kill spores
X-ray:
- Higher energy and penetrating power than UV
- Produces free radicals which kill organisms
- Kills vegetative cells readily but spores are more resistant
- Useful for heat sensitive items

20
Q

Filtration sterilisation? Characteristics?

A

Membrane filters

  • Air e.g. in hospital theatres.
  • Liquids – IV infusions
21
Q

Decontamination risk categories? High, medium and low? Recommendation of process?

A

High: STERILISATION
- penetrate skin, enter sterile body or contact ulcerated mucous mem
Medium: DISINFECTION
- contact intact mucous mem or non-intact skin
Low: CLEANING
- intact skin or not with patient

22
Q

Local decontamination unit? Flow chart?

A
  • Clean and dirty area
  • Cleaning machines
  • Clean and dirty flow of instruments (no crossover)
23
Q

RA for PPE? Flow chart?

A

No blood:
- No PPE

Fluids/low splash:
- Gloves and apron

Fluids/high splash
- everything

24
Q

Hand hygiene? Key moments?

A

Clean your hands before examining a patient
• Clean your hands immediately before any aseptic technique
• Clean your hands immediately after exposure to risk body fluids
• Clean your hands after touching a patient
• Clean your hands after touching any object or furniture in the patient’s surroundings when leaving

25
Q

Antiseptic solutions? Examples?

A

Chlorhexidinegluconate (Hibiscrub)
• Intermediate range of antimicrobial activity
• Slow-acting but persistent chemical activity
• Less irritating to skin

Idophors(Betadine)
• Wide range of antimicrobial activity
• Persistent chemical activity
• Irritating to skin

Dental Health and Disease (DHD) (23 decks)

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