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BDS3 BAMS Patient Safety > Disinfection > Flashcards

Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 stages of decontamination ?

A
  1. Acquisition.
  2. Cleaning.
  3. Disinfection.
  4. Inspection.
  5. Packaging.
  6. Steralisation.
  7. Transportation.
  8. Storage.
  9. Use.
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2
Q

What are the three modes of cleaning ?

A

Manual washing.
Ultrasonic bath.
Automated washer-disinfector (AWDs).

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3
Q

What is the purpose of cleaning ?

A

Removal of proteins and prions (specifically vCJD) which cannot be removed by sterilisation.
Makes instruments safe for operator handling.

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4
Q

What are the indications of manual washing ?

A

No other alternative.
Manufacturer’s instructions.
AWD has failed to remove contamination.

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5
Q

What are the three requirements for manual washing ?

A

Dedicated sink for washing and another for rinsing.
Tap water must be 30-35 degrees.
Chemical detergent must be used in line with manufacturer’s instructions.

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6
Q

Why should tap water used in manual washing be between 30 and 35 degrees ?

A

Reduces efficacy of detergent at higher temperatures (usually enzymatic detergents).
Above 35 degrees - proteins begin to coagulate - making more difficult to remove.

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7
Q

What is the most common dosage of detergent required for manual washing ?

A

5ml per 1l of water.

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8
Q

What is the passivation layer ?

A

Ferrous materials on surface of instruments.

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9
Q

What is the consequence of removal of passivation layer ?

A

Corrosion of instrument.

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10
Q

What are the two techniques of manual cleaning ?

A

Immersion.
Non-immersion.

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11
Q

What instruments are cleaned by non-immersion cleaning ?

A

Handpieces.

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12
Q

What are the indications for using ultrasonic bath ?

A

AWD out of order.
AWD has failed to remove decontamination.

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13
Q

From gold standard to least effective, rank the types of cleaning.

A

AWD.
Ultrasonic bath.
Manual cleaning.

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14
Q

Explain how an ultrasonic bath cleans instruments ?

A

Uses varying degrees of high frequency sound waves.
Fluctuation of frequencies cause expansion and collapse of bubbles.

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15
Q

What is the term for formation of bubbles by ultrasonic bath ?

A

Cavitation.

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16
Q

What are the 5 operational requirements for use of ultrasonic bath ?

A

Tap water.
Temperatures between 20-30 degrees.
Detergent used to manufacturer’s instructions.
Length of time (established at validation of equipment).
Degas cycle must be ran before any production cycle.

17
Q

What is the purpose of running a Degas cycle in ultrasonic bath ?

A

Gases in cleaning solution absorb some of the cavitation energy that would otherwise go towards cleaning so it will improve effectiveness of cleaning.

18
Q

What is the first stage of an AWD cycle ? Describe it.

A

Prewash - saturated contamination and removes gross contamination.

19
Q

What temperature should water be at during first stage of AWD cycle ?

A

<35 degrees.

20
Q

What is the second stage of an AWD cycle ? Describe it.

A

Main wash - supplemented with detergent to effectively remove biological matter.

21
Q

What temperature should water be at during second stage of AWD cycle ?

A

Degrees will depend on detergent’s manufacturer instructions.

22
Q

What is the third stage of an AWD cycle ? Describe it.

A

Rinse - removes residue (biological and chemical) before disinfection.

23
Q

What temperature should water be at during third stage of AWD cycle ?

A

<65 degrees.

24
Q

What is the fourth stage of an AWD cycle ? Describe it.

A

Thermal disinfection - uses hot water to kill micro-organisms.

25
Q

What temperature should water be at during fourth stage of AWD cycle ?

A

90-95 degrees.

26
Q

What is the fifth stage of an AWD cycle ? Describe it.

A

Drying - remove moisture from surface of instruments.

27
Q

What temperature should air be at during fifth stage of AWD cycle ?

A

100 degrees.

28
Q

What are the 5 benefits of using AWD ?

A

Traceability - printed record.
Consistency.
Fresh water used.
Remove hard to reach contamination.
Operator does not always need to be present.

29
Q

What are the 2 disadvantages of using AWD ?

A

Contamination remains in chamber.
Damage to instruments.

30
Q

What are the 4 disadvantages of manual cleaning ?

A

Human error.
Operator sharps injury.
Mechanical force required is high.
Operator must always be present.

31
Q

What are the 4 loading requirements ?

A

No overlapping or shadowing of instruments.
Open hinged instruments.
Disassemble assembly instruments.
Clip tray used and positioned properly.

32
Q

What are the 6 daily checks which must be carried out on AWD ?

A
  1. Spray arms should spin freely.
  2. Spray arm jets should not be blocked.
  3. No potential blockages in chamber.
  4. Condition of door seal.
  5. Suitable amount of detergent in reservoir.
  6. Record temperature of first cycle each day - ACT - automatic control test.

BDS3 BAMS Patient Safety (4 decks)

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