Disinfectants

Question 1

Disinfectant

Answer 1

kills vegetative microorganisms on inatimate objects, but NOT spores

Question 2

Sterilant

Answer 2

Kills or removes all types of living microorganisms, INCLUDING SPORES AND VIRUSES

Question 3

Antiseptic

Answer 3

applied to LIVING tissue and is to prevent infection

Question 4

Alcohols

Answer 4

MOA - denature proteins
60-90% concentration in water is the best
Disinfectant and antiseptic (no spore activity)

Question 5

Chlorhexidine

Answer 5

MOA-adsorbs to bacterial membranes which causes leakages of molecules and precipitates proteins
Topical antiseptic (won’t kill spores)
Not absorbed through skin, so great for mouth rinse

Question 6

Iodine Tincture

Answer 6

MOA-iodinates and oxidizes proteins (disrupts structure)
Very quick cidal activity, including spores (sterilant)
Hypersensitivity reactions and staining

Question 7

Betadine

Answer 7

Povidone-iodine (an iodophore)
MOA-releases iodine when diluted - goes on to iodinate and oxidize proteins
Antiseptic
Less hypersensitivity and less staining

Question 8

Bleach

Answer 8

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
MOA-activated to hypochlorite acid(HOCl) when in contact with water which oxidizes a variety of proteins
HOCl + HCl = chlorine gas
HOCl + NH4OH = CINH2(chloramine)
Use-10:1 dilution for a disinfectant

Question 9

Halazone

Answer 9

MOA-turns to HOCl when in contact with H2O
HOCl oxidizes proteins
Used to disinfect small quantities of water
Replaced by NaDCC due to poor shelf life

Question 10

Chloroazodin

Answer 10

MOA-breaks down to HOCl in water

used to dress wounds and irrigate wounds

Question 11

Oxychlorosene

Answer 11

NON-covalent complex with HOCl that allows for HOCl to be slowly released in solution
Rapidly cidal against everything! Is an Antiseptic
Has the germicidal properties of HOCl with the wetting and keratolytic properties of detergent.
Long-ass hydrophobic tail

Question 12

Phenols

Answer 12

Benzense with an OH
MOA-disrupt cell wall and membranes and cause proteins to precipitate
NOT active against spores (disinfectants)

Question 13

Quarternary ammonium compounds

Answer 13

Cationic surfactants that have a cationic head (+) and a long-ass hydrophobic tail
(all end in chloride)
Screws up proteins and inactivates enzymes
NOT sporicidal(they are sanitizers)
inactivated by soaps and often bind to fibers that are used during application
should NOT be used as antiseptic because they may contain infections gram negative bacteria

Question 14

Aldehydes

Answer 14

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde
React with amino groups in proteins and nucleic acids
Used to sterilize instruments that can NOT go through an autoclave
**formaldehyde is a carcinogen

Question 15

Peroxygen compounds

Answer 15

Hydrogen peroxide and Glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid
Powerful oxidizers that are disinfectants and sterilants, beverage and food industry applications because they breakdown to water and acetic acid (safe, no smell or taste)
Broad spectrum against everything

Question 16

Ethylene oxide

Answer 16

Little triangle with an O at the top
MOA-covalently reacts with nucleophilic groups in biological systems unspecifically -> cancer
Also used to sterilize stuff that cant be autoclaved
It is a gas and is very explosive
Rapidly destroys all forms of microorganisms
Mutagen and carcinogen

Question 17

Heavy metals

Answer 17

Mercury and silver
silver used to be used in neonate eyedrops
Mercury still used in shots and vaccines

Question 18

Preservatives

Answer 18

Methylparabens - more effective against molds

Propylparabens - more effective against yeasts