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Neuro > Diseases/Symptoms/Lesions > Flashcards

Diseases/Symptoms/Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Rigidity

A

resist motion in all directions (through all ROM)

maintained m contraction

cont activation of a-motorneurons

basal ganglia disease

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2
Q

spasticity

A

resists motion in given direction, collapse of resistance at end of ROM

hyperactive myotatic reflex

cont activation of gamma-motorneurons (contracts intrafusal m, lengthens nuclear bag and chain fibers, brainstem)

UMN

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3
Q

decerebrate posturing

A

lesion: rostral to pons, below red nucleus, above reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts

rigidity - activate a-motorneuron

not dependent of head position

UE - pronation/extension
LE - extension

on head and heels w back arched

central herniation

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4
Q

Lateral Pontine Syndrome

A

Ipsilateral - paralysis of face (facial nuc) /masticatory m (V motor nuc), horners (hypothalamospinal fibers), pain/temp from face (spinal v tract and nuc)

contralateral - pain/temp from body (als)

paralysis of conjugate horizontal gaze
ataxia, fall toward side lesion

N/V/Nsytamus/deaf/vertigo/tinnitus

MIllard Gubler Syndrome

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5
Q

Lateral Medullary Syndrome

A

wallenberg syndrome

dysphagia, soft palate paralysis, hoarseness, decreased gag reflex (nucleus ambiguus)

contralateral - pain/temp of body (ALS)

ipsilateral - pain/temp of face (spinal v tract/nuc), horners (hypothalamospinal), ataxia

N/diplopia, fall to ipsi side, nystagmus vertigo

PICA

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6
Q

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

BPPV

A

otoconia dislodged into semi circular duct (cupulolithiasis), agitates ampulla, sends AP to CNS that they are moving when they aren’t

most common vestibular disorder (posterior semicircular canal is most common)

test: dix hallpike

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7
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome

A

contra - hemiplegia of body, positions sense/vibratory/discriminative touch of body
tongue dev to ipsi side, m atrophy, fasciculations (CN VII in med or nuc)

Dejerine syndrome

ASA

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8
Q

Locked-In

A

CST and CNT

anterior pons

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9
Q

Webers Syndrome

A

contra hemiplegia (CST in crus cerebri)
damaged eye movement (CN III)
uncal herniation

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10
Q

central midbrain lesion

A

Claude Syndrome
CN III - ipsi eye
red nucleus and cerebral thalamic nucleus
contra - ataxia

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11
Q

Labyrinthine A Occlusion

A

vertigo, nystagmus, unstable gait

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12
Q

meniere’s disease

A

disruption of endolymph vol
endolymphatic hydrops
hearing loss, vertigo, nystagmus, nausea
can be unpredictable

tx: diuretics and salt restriction

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13
Q

dizziness

A

nonspecific term that gen means disorientation

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14
Q

vertigo

A

illusion of body motion, spinning with no real motion taking place

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15
Q

vestibular schwannoma

A

from schwann cells of vestibular root
in cerebellopontine angle and everything in internal acoustic
hearing loss, gait diff, tinnitus

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16
Q

vestibular neuritis

A

several vertigo, n/v
involve edema of vestibular n/gang (from acute infect - HSV/cold/URI/flu)
tx: antiemetics, corticosteroids, antiviral

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17
Q

spontaneous nystagmus

A

silences output from damaged side
spontaneous nystagmus, vertigo, falls, vomit
if central dam to brainstem/cerebellar: don’t have voluntary saccades, smooth pursuit

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18
Q

issues w/ dorsal root

A

diminished tone and reflexes (decreased spasticity)

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19
Q

issues w/ posterior columns

A

fas, gracilis, cuneatus

ipsi loss of prop, 2 pt tactile discrim below lesion

20
Q

issues w/ lateral corticospinal

A

ipsi UMN paralysis/paresis below lesion

21
Q

issues w/ lateral spinothalamic

A

contra loss of pain/temp 2 dermatomes below lesion

22
Q

issues w/ lateral reticulospinal

A

horner’s syndrome (above T1)
incontinence
autonomic function

23
Q

issues w/ anterior horn

A

LMN paralysis/paresis (flaccid)

24
Q

issues w/ anterior white commissure

A

bilateral analgesia
central cord - syringomyelia
(c4-c5)

25
Q

Subfalcine Herniation

A

falx/falcine/cinguate herniation

Displace brain tissue under
Falx cerebri (not in middle)

compresses: aca, frontal/parietal lobe, sensory/motor lower limbs
sx: N/V/HA

includes transtentorial hern

26
Q

Transtentorial herniation

A

central hern

Brain Downward toward tentorial notch

compress: Upper brainstem, cn iii, lower structures (parasym, cn III dilated eyes), Basilar a and pca

Decorticate rigidity, decerebrate rigidity

27
Q

Uncal herniation

A

Uncus and parahippocampal gyrus over the tentorium cerebelli edge, through tentorial notch

compress: midbrain

dilated pupil, slowly (shows side 90%)

28
Q

Uncal herniation: Kernoham

A

shift midbrain

ipsilateral CN III palsy and hemiparesis of body (motor) on same side

29
Q

uncal herniation: damaged midbrain on same side

A

CN III palsy ipsilateral side
hemiparesis contralateral side

Weber’s syndrome (superior alternating hemiplegia)

30
Q

tonsillar herniation

A

cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum

medulla/upper sc

cardaic/resp issues (centers located in medulla)

31
Q

intracerebral hemorrhage

A

subpial hemorrhage

bleed within brain substance (stroke), or in subarachnoid, stabbed, genetic

MCA

hypertension or degen arterial disease

32
Q

vertebral basaliar insufficiency

A

decreased blood flow from VA

from: hyperextension of head, extreme head rotation (bow hunters syndrome)

33
Q

subclavian steal syndrome

A

steals vertebral blood from arm
occlusion proximal to VA, decreases pressure of subclavian distally
so blood that flows up VA on oppo side, hits basilar, retrogrades down occluded VA side to supply arm

34
Q

aqueductal stenosis

A

non-comm
obstructive accum of CSF in lateral/3rd ventricle
from: congential - x linked, pineal tumor, meningitis scarring, intrauterine infection inflammation

35
Q

chiari II

A

down displacement of inferior cereballar vermis and tonsils in foramen magnum
cerebellum fully grown, compress 4th ventricle (accum above)
lumbosacral myelomeningoele
non-comm

36
Q

dandy walker

A

congenital brain malformation
4th ventricle outlet obstruction
cerebellar hypoplasia (part or full missing)
non-comm

37
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus

A 
adults
enlarged ventricles and cortical atrophy from CSF not drain or absorbing, increased viscosity, alter elasticity of ventircular walls
TRIAD - wacky wobbly wet
comm 
tx: lumbar puncture
38
Q

holoprosencephaly

A

incomplete sep of cerebral hemi
cyclopia, 1 nostril, facial cleft, premaxillary agensis
SHH, decrease cholesterol

39
Q

agenesis of corpus callosum

A

part of complete

asymptomatic, seizures/mental def

40
Q

lissencephaly

A

genetic
smooth brain - incomplete neuronal migration
pachygryria, agyria, neuronal heterotopic
start w seizures, mental def, mild spastic quadriplegia

41
Q

Hemisection

A 
Brown - Sequards Syndrome
p/t contra side
touch/prop ipsi side
LMN at level of lesion (ipsi)
UMN (ipsi)
42
Q

complete transection of sc

A

1-2 below lesion
bladder/bowel control lost
spinal shock (loss tendon reflex)
UMN below lesion, LMN at lesion

43
Q

polyneuropathy

A

sensory, motor and autonomic
distal to proximally (stocking and glove presentation)
dying or impaired axon transport (demyelination?)
diabetics

44
Q

anterior cord syndrome

A

damage to anterior sc
from infarction/ herniation/radiaton myelopathy
STT and LCST

45
Q

central cord syndrome

A

hyperextension of sc

damage to AWC - bilat pain and temp gone, can lose some motor function too

46
Q

spinal shock

A

loss of reflexes due to loss of muscle tone and hyperpolarization
axonal sprouting, 5HTC receptors can recover

Neuro (5 decks)

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