Diseases Of The Respiratory System

Question 1

Scarlet Fever

Answer 1

Major symptoms: strawberry red tongue
Causative organism: streptococcus pyogenes
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Key: aka scarletina

Question 2

Diphtheria

Answer 2

Major symptoms: pseudomembranes
Causative organism: corynebacterium diphtheria
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: person to person via respiratory droplets
Key: palisade arrangement; Schick test: skin test formerly used

Question 3

Sinusitis

Answer 3

Major symptoms: purulent abscesses covering tonsils
Causative organism: moraxella catarrhalis (most sinusitis), streptococcus pyogenes, hemophilia influenzae b, streptococcus pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -, +, -, +
Transmission: bacteria in the pharynx spread to sinuses via the throat
Key:

Question 4

Otitis

Answer 4

Major symptoms: pain and pressure of the affected sinus
Causative organism: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus, streptococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis
Pathogen: bacteria gram +, -, +,-
Transmission: bacteria colonizes in the ear after cold or other respiratory infection
Key: streptococcus pneumoniae most common cause

Question 5

Common cold

Answer 5

Major symptoms:
Causative organism: rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus
Pathogen: RNA, RNA, DNA
Transmission: rhinovirus- aerosols, fomites, or hand to hand contact, mc by direct person to person contact
Coronavirus - via large droplets from the respiratory system
Adenovirus - respiratory droplets
Key: rhinovirus - mc cause, rhinorrhea; handwashing most important preventative measure
Coronavirus - 2nd mc cause

Question 6

Pneumococcal pneumoniae

Answer 6

Major symptoms: rust-colored sputum, consolidation
Causative organism: streptococcus pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: inhalation of bacteria
Key: aka typical pneumonia; the pneumococcus

Question 7

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Answer 7

Major symptoms: consolidation
Causative organism: mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria no cell wall
Transmission: nasal secretions
Key: atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia

Question 8

Klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 8

Major symptoms: currant jelly sputum, consolidation
Causative organism: klebsiella pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: normal digestive respiratory microbiota, opportunistic infection
Key: immunocompromised

Question 9

Other bacterial pneumonias

Answer 9

Major symptoms: consolidation
Causative organism: haemophilus influenzae b, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia petis, chlamydophilia pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -, +, -, -
Transmission: person to person by respiratory droplets
Key: yersinia petis - pneumonic plague

Question 10

Ornithosis

Answer 10

Major symptoms: flu like symptoms within 10 days of exposure
Causative organism: chlamydophilia psittaci
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: beak to mouth contact, ect
Key: aka psittacosis

Question 11

Legionnaires disease

Answer 11

Major symptoms: fever, chills, nonproductive cough, pneumonia
Causative organism: legionella pneumophilia
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: inhale bacteria in aerosols from water sources
Key: also causes Pontiac fever (nonfatal)

Question 12

Tuberculosis

Answer 12

Major symptoms: 3 types; primary:tubercles, Ghon's complex, caseous necrosis; secondary: disseminated TB -wasting consumption 
Causative organism: mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Key: spine - Potts disease
Primary TB- mc in children
Leading killer of HIV+ individuals
Reemerging disease

Question 13

Pertussis

Answer 13

Major symptoms: 4 phases whooping sound
Causative organism: bordetella pertussis
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: inhalation - highly contagious
Key: aka whooping cough, most cases of disease are in children, re emerging disease

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

Major symptoms: tripod position
Causative organism: haemophilus influenzae b
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: person to person, direct contact or droplet inhalation
Key: medical emergency

Question 15

Inhalation anthrax

Answer 15

Major symptoms: 
Causative organism: bacillus anthracis
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: inhalation of endospores
Key: bioterrostist risk, cat A

Question 16

Influenza

Answer 16

Major symptoms:
Causative organism: influenza virus (orthomyxovirus), type A and B
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: inhalation of virus or self inoculation
Key: must be administered within 48 hours of infection, 2009 swine (H1N1) emerging disease

Question 17

Bronchitis

Answer 17

Major symptoms:
Causative organism: rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophilia pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis
Pathogen: RNA, DNA, RNA, bacteria (no cell wall), bacteria gram -, bacteria gram -
Transmission: person to person direct or indirect contact
Key: 90% of cases are viral, 10% of cases are bacterial

Question 18

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Answer 18

Major symptoms: 
Causative organism: coronavirus
Pathogen: RNA 
Transmission: via large droplets from upper respiratory tract 
Key: BSL-3

Question 19

Respiratory syncytial virus infection

Answer 19

Major symptoms: can be fatal: bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing
Causative organism: RSV - respiratory syncytial virus
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: fomites, hands, respiratory droplets
Key: mc childhood respiratory disease, more severe form can be fatal = bronchiolitis

Question 20

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

Answer 20

Major symptoms: often fatal
Causative organism: hantavirus
Pathogen: RNA 
Transmission: inhalation of virions in dried mouse urine or feces
Key: BSL-4; emerging disease

Question 21

Croup

Answer 21

Major symptoms: seal bark cough
Causative organism: parainfluenza virus
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets and person to person contact
Key: children are particularly susceptible

Question 22

Coccidiodomycosis

Answer 22

Major symptoms: spherules
Causative organism: coccidioides immitis
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhalation
Key: aka San Joaquin valley fever, Native American pots and blankets

Question 23

Pulmonary blastomycosis

Answer 23

Major symptoms: flu like
Causative organism: blastomyces dermatitidis
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhalation of dust carrying spores
Key: aka Gilchrist’s disease, emerging disease

Question 24

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Answer 24

Major symptoms: 
Causative organism: paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhalation
Key: farm workers in endemic areas

Question 25

Histoplasmosis

Answer 25

Major symptoms: 95% asymptomatic, find granuloma on chest x Ray
Causative organism: histoplasma capsulatum
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhale airborne spores from the soil
Key: aka Ohio river valley disease, mc fungal pathogen affecting humans, bats and birds droppings

Question 26

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 26

Major symptoms:
Causative organism: pneumocystis jirovecii (aka pneumocystis Carinii)
Pathogen: fungus (resembles Protozoa)
Transmission: inhalation of droplets
Key: common opportunistic fungal infection in AIDS patients

Question 27

Aspergillosis

Answer 27

Major symptoms: mc causes only allergies
Causative organism: aspergillus sp.
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhalation of fungal spores
Key: emerging disease

Question 28

Strep throat

Answer 28

Major symptoms: purulent abscesses covering tonsils
Causative organism: streptococcus pyogenes
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Key: #1 cause of pharyngitis, progress to scarlet or rheumatic fever, mc age 5-15