Diseases Of The Respiratory System Flashcards
Scarlet Fever
Major symptoms: strawberry red tongue Causative organism: streptococcus pyogenes Pathogen: bacteria gram + Transmission: respiratory droplets Key: aka scarletina
Diphtheria
Major symptoms: pseudomembranes
Causative organism: corynebacterium diphtheria
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: person to person via respiratory droplets
Key: palisade arrangement; Schick test: skin test formerly used
Sinusitis
Major symptoms: purulent abscesses covering tonsils
Causative organism: moraxella catarrhalis (most sinusitis), streptococcus pyogenes, hemophilia influenzae b, streptococcus pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -, +, -, +
Transmission: bacteria in the pharynx spread to sinuses via the throat
Key:
Otitis
Major symptoms: pain and pressure of the affected sinus
Causative organism: streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus, streptococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis
Pathogen: bacteria gram +, -, +,-
Transmission: bacteria colonizes in the ear after cold or other respiratory infection
Key: streptococcus pneumoniae most common cause
Common cold
Major symptoms:
Causative organism: rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus
Pathogen: RNA, RNA, DNA
Transmission: rhinovirus- aerosols, fomites, or hand to hand contact, mc by direct person to person contact
Coronavirus - via large droplets from the respiratory system
Adenovirus - respiratory droplets
Key: rhinovirus - mc cause, rhinorrhea; handwashing most important preventative measure
Coronavirus - 2nd mc cause
Pneumococcal pneumoniae
Major symptoms: rust-colored sputum, consolidation
Causative organism: streptococcus pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: inhalation of bacteria
Key: aka typical pneumonia; the pneumococcus
Mycoplasmal pneumonia
Major symptoms: consolidation
Causative organism: mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria no cell wall
Transmission: nasal secretions
Key: atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumonia
Major symptoms: currant jelly sputum, consolidation
Causative organism: klebsiella pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: normal digestive respiratory microbiota, opportunistic infection
Key: immunocompromised
Other bacterial pneumonias
Major symptoms: consolidation
Causative organism: haemophilus influenzae b, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia petis, chlamydophilia pneumoniae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -, +, -, -
Transmission: person to person by respiratory droplets
Key: yersinia petis - pneumonic plague
Ornithosis
Major symptoms: flu like symptoms within 10 days of exposure
Causative organism: chlamydophilia psittaci
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: beak to mouth contact, ect
Key: aka psittacosis
Legionnaires disease
Major symptoms: fever, chills, nonproductive cough, pneumonia
Causative organism: legionella pneumophilia
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: inhale bacteria in aerosols from water sources
Key: also causes Pontiac fever (nonfatal)
Tuberculosis
Major symptoms: 3 types; primary:tubercles, Ghon's complex, caseous necrosis; secondary: disseminated TB -wasting consumption Causative organism: mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogen: bacteria gram + Transmission: respiratory droplets Key: spine - Potts disease Primary TB- mc in children Leading killer of HIV+ individuals Reemerging disease
Pertussis
Major symptoms: 4 phases whooping sound
Causative organism: bordetella pertussis
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: inhalation - highly contagious
Key: aka whooping cough, most cases of disease are in children, re emerging disease
Epiglottis
Major symptoms: tripod position
Causative organism: haemophilus influenzae b
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: person to person, direct contact or droplet inhalation
Key: medical emergency
Inhalation anthrax
Major symptoms: Causative organism: bacillus anthracis Pathogen: bacteria gram + Transmission: inhalation of endospores Key: bioterrostist risk, cat A
Influenza
Major symptoms:
Causative organism: influenza virus (orthomyxovirus), type A and B
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: inhalation of virus or self inoculation
Key: must be administered within 48 hours of infection, 2009 swine (H1N1) emerging disease
Bronchitis
Major symptoms:
Causative organism: rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophilia pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis
Pathogen: RNA, DNA, RNA, bacteria (no cell wall), bacteria gram -, bacteria gram -
Transmission: person to person direct or indirect contact
Key: 90% of cases are viral, 10% of cases are bacterial
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Major symptoms: Causative organism: coronavirus Pathogen: RNA Transmission: via large droplets from upper respiratory tract Key: BSL-3
Respiratory syncytial virus infection
Major symptoms: can be fatal: bluish skin, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, rapid breathing
Causative organism: RSV - respiratory syncytial virus
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: fomites, hands, respiratory droplets
Key: mc childhood respiratory disease, more severe form can be fatal = bronchiolitis
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Major symptoms: often fatal Causative organism: hantavirus Pathogen: RNA Transmission: inhalation of virions in dried mouse urine or feces Key: BSL-4; emerging disease
Croup
Major symptoms: seal bark cough
Causative organism: parainfluenza virus
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: respiratory droplets and person to person contact
Key: children are particularly susceptible
Coccidiodomycosis
Major symptoms: spherules Causative organism: coccidioides immitis Pathogen: fungus Transmission: inhalation Key: aka San Joaquin valley fever, Native American pots and blankets
Pulmonary blastomycosis
Major symptoms: flu like
Causative organism: blastomyces dermatitidis
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhalation of dust carrying spores
Key: aka Gilchrist’s disease, emerging disease
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Major symptoms: Causative organism: paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pathogen: fungus Transmission: inhalation Key: farm workers in endemic areas
Histoplasmosis
Major symptoms: 95% asymptomatic, find granuloma on chest x Ray
Causative organism: histoplasma capsulatum
Pathogen: fungus
Transmission: inhale airborne spores from the soil
Key: aka Ohio river valley disease, mc fungal pathogen affecting humans, bats and birds droppings
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Major symptoms:
Causative organism: pneumocystis jirovecii (aka pneumocystis Carinii)
Pathogen: fungus (resembles Protozoa)
Transmission: inhalation of droplets
Key: common opportunistic fungal infection in AIDS patients
Aspergillosis
Major symptoms: mc causes only allergies Causative organism: aspergillus sp. Pathogen: fungus Transmission: inhalation of fungal spores Key: emerging disease
Strep throat
Major symptoms: purulent abscesses covering tonsils
Causative organism: streptococcus pyogenes
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Key: #1 cause of pharyngitis, progress to scarlet or rheumatic fever, mc age 5-15
