Diseases of Digestive System Flashcards
Peptic Ulcer
Major Symptoms: Abdominal pain Organism: Helicobacter pylori Pathogen: Bacteria gram - Transmission: Fecal-oral Key: relieved by food is duodenal; exacerbated by food is gastric
Cholera (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Major Symptoms: Rice water stool
Organism: vibrio cholerae
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: fecal-oral, contaminated food & water
Key: freshwater, MC Vibrio to infect humans
Shigellosis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Major Symptoms: purulent bloody stools
Organism: Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, S. boydii
Pathogen: Bacteria gram -
Transmission: fecal-oral, hands, cold foods & salads
Key: aka Bacillary dysentery; Shiga toxin; in US, S. sonnei (2/3), S. flexneri (1/3)
Traveler’s Diarrhea (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Major Symptoms:
Organism: Escherichia coli O157:H7; Norovirus
Pathogen: bacteria gram -
Transmission: fecal-oral, undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/fruit juice
Key: MC cause of GI infection
Campylobacter Diarrhea (bacteria gastroenteritis)
Major Symptoms: 10+/day x 7-10 days Organism: Campylobacter jejuni Pathogen: Bacteria gram - Transmission: MC poultry Key: MC cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US
Pseudomembranous colitis (bacterial gastroenteritis)
Major Symptoms: formation of pseudomembranes
Organism: Clostridium difficile
Pathogen: bacteria gram +
Transmission: Extremely common opportunist after taking antimicrobials; common nosocomial infection
Key: life threatening peritonitis; take probiotics w/antibiotics
Salmonellosis: Salmonella food poisoning (acute bacterial gastroenteritis)
Major Symptoms: nonbloody diarrhea
Organism: Salmonella enterica enteritidis, S. enterica typhimurium
Pathogen: Bacterial gram -
Transmission: eggs
Key: also associated with reptiles (turtles
Salmonellosis: Typhoid Fever (enteric fever)
Major Symptoms: peritonitis Organism: Salmonella enterica typhi, S. enterica paratyphi Pathogen: bacteria gram - Transmission: contaminated food or water Key: Typhoid Mary
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
Major Symptoms: N/V, diarrhea, cramping Organism: Staphylococcus aureus Pathogen: bacteria gram + Transmission: contaminated food Key: Homemade thing that don't require cooking
Clostridial Food Poisoning
Major Symptoms: NO fever, or N/V Organism: Clostridium perfringens Pathogen: bacteria gram + Transmission: contaminated meat Key: fairly benign,
Yersinia Food Poisoning
Major Symptoms: sometimes mimics appendicitis Organism: Yersina enterocolitica Pathogen: Bacteria gram - Transmission: contaminated pork Key: infect kids
Bacillus cereus food poisoning
Major Symptoms: mild illness Organism: Bacillus cereus Pathogen: bacteria gram + Transmission: consumption of rice dishes cooked and held at warm temp for hours Key: aka Fried rice syndrome
Oral Herpes
Major Symptoms: cold sores Organism: (HHV-1) sometimes HHV-2 Pathogen: DNA Transmission: close contact with active lesions Key: latent virus - trigeminal ganglia
Mumps
Major Symptoms: paotitis - paotid salivary glands; testicular swelling in boys - orchitis
Organism: mumps virus (Rubulavirus)
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: Respiratory secretions
Key: vaccine has almost eradicated mumps in the industrialized world
Viral Gastroenteritis
Major Symptoms:
Organism: Norovirus (Calicivirus), Astrovirus, Rotavirus
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: Fecal-oral, food - oysters
Key: Norovirus - 90% of viral gastroenteritis, #1 cause of foodborne illness in US emerging disease; Astrovirus - no vomiting; Rotavirus - MC cause of infantile gastroenteritis
Hepatitis A
Major Symptoms: Jaundice Organism: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Pathogen: RNA Transmission: fecal-oral Key: aka infectious hepatitis; resistant to common household disinfectants
Hepatitis B
Major Symptoms: Jaundice, associated with liver cancer
Organism: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Pathogen: DNA
Transmission: Blood, Bonking, Babies
Key: Coinfection with Hepatits D virus increases risk of permanent liver damage
Hepatitis C
Major Symptoms: Chronic infection with few if any symp
Organism: hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: Needles, organ transplants, blood, sex
Key: Most non-A, non-B hepatitis in the US
Hepatitis D
Major Symptoms: Jaundice, plays a role in triggering liver cancer
Organism: Hepatitis D virus (HDV)
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: bodily fluids, needles
Key: Needs HBV coninfection, satellite virus
Hepatitis E
Major Symptoms: fatal in 20% of pregnant women
Organism: Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
Pathogen: RNA
Transmission: fecal-oral, seafood, pigs, cows, unclean water
Key: aka Enteric hepatitis
Giardiasis
Major Symptoms: rotten egg smelling stools
Organism: Giardia intestinalis (G. lamblia)
Pathogen: Protozoa
Transmission: ingesting cysts in contaminated water
Key: aka Beaver fever, common waterborne gastrointestinal disease in the US
Crytosporidiosis
Major Symptoms: Organism: Cryptosporidium parvum Pathogen: protozoa Transmission: drinking contaminated water; fecal-oral Key: aka Crytosporidium enteritis
Amebiasis
Major Symptoms: luminal amebiasis is asymptomatic, invasive amebic dysentery causes severe diarhea, colitis appendicitis, invasive extraintestinal amebiasis causes necrotic lesions in various organs
Organism: Entamoeba histolytica
Pathogen: Protozoa
Transmission: Contaminated food or water, hands, or oral-anal intercourse
Key: 90% of cases are luminal amobiasis
Cyclosporiasis
Major Symptoms: Organism:Cyclospora cayetanensis Pathogen: Protozoa Transmission: raspberries from south/central America Key: emerging disease
Tapeworm Infestations
Major Symptoms/Organism: Taenia saginata (beef) & Taenia solium (pork)Most asympotmatic, weight loss consumption of cysts, proglottids (tapeworm segments); Diphyllobothrium latum, 80% asymptomatic, wight loss, megaloblastic anemia, consumption of undercooked or raw fish, aka diphyllobothriasis; Echinococcus granulosus, consumption of food or water from dog feces canine tapeworm
Pathogen: helminth (cestode)
Ascariasis
Major Symptoms: most asymptomatic
Organism: Ascaris lumbricoides
Pathogen: Helminth (nematode)
Transmission: Eggs are ingested in water or on vegetables
Key: MC nematode infection of humans worldwide
Hookworm Infections
Major Symptoms: ground itch, chronic anemia, iron & protein deficiencies
Organism: Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale
Pathogen: Helminth (nematode)
Transmission: Larvae penetrate the skin, usually the foot
Key: 2nd MC nematode affecting humans worldwide
Pinworm Infestations
Major Symptoms: Intense perianal itching (esp at night)
Organism: Enterobius vermicularis
Pathogen: Helminth (nematode)
Transmission: at night, easily spread on bedding, from person-person after scratching
Key: MC parasitic worm in the US
Dracunculiasis
Major Symptoms: worm forms a blister, generally on the foot
Organism: Dracunculus medinensis
Pathogen: Helminth (nematode)
Transmission: Ingesting water containing infected copepods
Key: Guinea worm disease, treatment was winding the worm out on a stick
Trichinosis
Major Symptoms: asymptomatic, muscle pain and weakness
Organism: Trichinella spiralis
Pathogen: Helminth (nematode)
Transmission: Ingesting undercooked pork containing cysts
Key: Trichinellosis: NOT common in US
