Diseases of the Nervous System and their Definition

Question 1

Stroke

Answer 1

Blood supply to part of the brain is occluded or reduced

Question 2

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 2

An obstruction to arterial blood flow to the brain from thrombus formation or embolus associated with atherosclerosis

Question 3

Transient Ischemic Attack

Answer 3

episodes of neurologic dysfunction lasting no more than 1 hr and resulting from focal ischemia

Question 4

Thrombotic stroke

Answer 4

arterial occlusion caused by thrombus formation in large or small arteries supplying the brain or intracranial vessels

Question 5

Embolic Stroke

Answer 5

fragments that break from a thrombus formed outside the brain usually in the heart, aorta, or common carotid artery.

Question 6

Lacunar stroke (lacunar infarct)

Answer 6

caused by perivascular oedema, thickening and inflammation of the arteriolar wall in a deep perforating artery that supplied small penetrating subcortical vessels (small vessel disease)

Question 7

Haemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 7

ruptured blood vessel which occurs within brain tissue or in the subarachnoid or intracranial space.

Question 8

Aneurysm

Answer 8

abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel

Question 9

Saccular aneurysm

Answer 9

berry bulge , loss of smooth muscle cells, inflammation, thrombus formation and degenerative changes

Question 10

Fusiform aneurysm

Answer 10

giant aneurysm, diffuse arteriosclerotic changes found in the basilar arteries or terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries

Question 11

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Answer 11

escape of blood from a defective or injured vasculature into the subarachnoid space

Question 12

Primary Brain Injury

Answer 12

Focal Brain injury Closed blunt trauma or open trauma. Head striking hard surface, a rapidly moving object striking the head or black waves. Dura mater stays in tact, and brain tissues are not exposed to the environment

Question 13

Open Head injury

Answer 13

primary brain injury, skull fracture and a break in the dura results in exposure of the cranial contents, to the environment

Question 14

Closed head injury

Answer 14

specific, grossly, observable skull and brain lesions that occur in a precise location. Dura mater remains in tact, brain tissue not exposed to the environment.

Question 15

Closed Head injury Coup

Answer 15

injury at site of impact

Question 16

Closed head injury Countercoup

Answer 16

injury from the brain rebounding and hitting the opposite side of skull or both