Diseases of the Canine and Feline Stomach Flashcards
what are the causes of acute gastritis?
gastric foreign body (obstruction), acute pancreatitis, infectious disease, systemic disease
what is the clinical presentation of acute gastritis?
vomiting, lethargy, depression, polydipsia, hematemesis, cranial abdominal pain
what are the diagnostic techniques used to diagnose acute gastritis?
history and PE, abdominal radiographs, biochemical tests in order to exclude other diseases, response to therapy
how is acute gastritis managed and treated?
rest the GI tract (12-24 hrs without food, may need to restrict water if vomit right after drinking a lot), supportive care, feed a bland diet (highly digestible, not a lot of fat)
what are the causes of chronic gastritis?
-
inflammatory (idiopathic)
- lymphoplasmacytic
- eosinophilic
- food responsive disease
- reflux
- helicobacter (?)
chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis
- etiology
- mostly idiopathic
- may be associated with food responsive disease
what are the clinical signs of chronic LP gastritis?
vomiting (most consistent), hematemesis, appetite changes, PE usually unremarkable, weight loss may be present
what are the diagnostics techniques used to diagnose chronic gastritis?
- exclude other causes: parasites, tumors, FRD
- biopsy (endoscopy, surgery)
how is chronic gastritis treated?
diet trials (hypoallergenic)
acid reducers (omeprazole)
cisapride/metoclopramide
immunomodulation in moderate to severe dz
eosinophilic gastritis
- uncommon, unknown cause
- eosinophils infiltrate mucosa
- peripheral eosinophilia +/-
- mucosa may be ulcerated
- tx: dietary manipulation and/or corticosteroids
- deworm
- Rottweiler predisposed
helicobacter gastritis
- causes lymphoid hyperplasia in some dogs and cats
- may be associated with chronic vomiting
- not associated with ulceration in dogs and cats
- diagnosis of exclusion
- Warthin-Starry stain on biopsy
- tx?: amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole
reflux gastritis
- Bilous Vomiting Syndrome
- defect in pyloric function or a gastric motility defect allows prolonged contact of bile with mucosa
- bile is a detergent-damages cells
clinical signs of reflux gastritis
- chronic vomiting of bile-stained material after a prolonged fast
- most often in the early morning
- vomitus contains bile-stained mucus and occasionally fresh blood
treatment of reflux gastritis
- increased feeding frequency
- cisapride/metaclopramide
- H2 recepter antagonists
- PPI (omeprazole)
what is a gastric ulcer?
circumscribed break in the mucosa with acid-pepsin
mucosal barrier disrupted
what are the causes of gastric ulcers?
ulcerogenic drugs (never use NSAIDs and steroids together), liver disease, tumors, protein-calorie malnutrition, uremia, stress (? may be more in humans than animals)
what are the clinical signs of gastric ulcers?
vomiting, depression, inappetance or anorexia, melena, anemia
what are some differentials for gastric ulcers?
Addison’s disease, parasites, tumors
how are gastric ulcers treated?
eliminate the underlying cause, PPI, sucralfate, H2 blockers-MCT, blood transfusion, endoscopy, surgery
what is the clinical presentation of gastric outflow disorder?
intermittent vomiting (projectile) for a long duration (months to years) with increasing frequency, contains food hours after eating
hypochloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
may be congenital (Starts at weaning) or acquired stenosis
what are the diagnostic techniques used to diagnose gastric outflow disorder?
radiographs (+/- contrast), ultrasound, endoscopy, surgery
how is gastric outflow disorder treated?
surgery: Y-U pyloroplasty or pyloromyotomy
gastric tumors
- uncommon
- chronic vomiting, inappetance or anorexia, loss of body weight and condition
- anemia, diarrhea and hematemesis
- adenocarcinoma most common in dog, lymphoma in cat
- diagnosis: imaging, endoscopy
gastric parasites
- Ollulanus and Physaloptera (more common)
- intermediate host dung beetle
- chronic vomiting
- endoscopic diagnosis
- tx: pyrantal or fenbendazole?
