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Microbiology Charts > Diseases of Skin and Wounds > Flashcards

Diseases of Skin and Wounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Major Symptoms

A

Red, itching, burning… may drain pus, blood, or both (pimple, sty, furuncle, carbuncle)

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2
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Causative Organisms

A

Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus Epidermidis

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3
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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4
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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5
Q

Abscess/Folliculitis Key Assoications

A

Staph.. aureus - *More likely cause* of folliculitis; may get “Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus” MRSA Staph… epidermidis - *More predominant* on skin, but *NOT* most likely to cause folliculitis

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6
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Major Symptoms

A

small “pimples” on stomach, buttocks, arms and legs

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7
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Causative Organism

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram -)

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9
Q

“Hot Tub” Folliculitis Mode of Transmission

A

Using a poorly chlorinated hot tub or spa

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10
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Major Symptoms

A

*Skin peels off in sheets*; Reddening of skin; begins near mouth, spreads over entire body

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11
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Causative Organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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12
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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13
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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14
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) Key Associations

A

Can be mistaken for child abuse

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15
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Major Symptoms

A

Small, flattened red patches on face and limbs; develop into pus filled vesicles that crust (*pyoderma*)

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16
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Causative Organisms

A

Staphylococcus aureus (80%)

Streptococcus pyogenes (20%)

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17
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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18
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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19
Q

Impetigo (Pyoderma) Key Associations

A

Most common in children

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20
Q

Erysipelas Major Symptoms

A

*Fiery red rash* with sharply defined *raised borders*

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21
Q

Erysipelas Causative Organisms

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (most cases)

Staphylococcus aureus (occasionally)

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22
Q

Erysipelas Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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23
Q

Erysipelas Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact/fomites

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24
Q

Erysipelas Key Associations

A

Most common in elderly, peak incidence 60-80

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25
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis Major Symptoms

A

*Spreads along fascia*; Destruction of Muscle and fat tissue (*necrosis*), multiple organ failure

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26
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis Causative Organisms

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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27
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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28
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis Mode of Transmission

A

Person-to-Person Enters through breaks in skin

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29
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis Key Associations

A

*aka “flesh eating bacteria”; Emerging Disease*

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30
Q

Acne Major Symptoms

A

Infection of hair follicle, sebaceous glands

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31
Q

Acne Causative Organism

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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32
Q

Acne Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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33
Q

Acne Mode of Transmission

A

Direct contact

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34
Q

Acne Key Associations

A

Cystic acne is most severe form

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35
Q

Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Major Symptoms

A

*Bump or blister* at site of injury, *lymphadenopathy*

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36
Q

Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Causative Organism

A

Bartonella henselae

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37
Q

Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram -)

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38
Q

Cat Scratch Disease/Fever Mode of Transmission

A

Cat scratches, bites, or licks

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39
Q

Pseudomonas Infection Major Symptoms

A

Fever, chills, and the production of purulent matter in infected wounds

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40
Q

Pseudomonas Infection Causative Organism

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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41
Q

Pseudomonas Infection Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram -)

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42
Q

Pseudomonas Infection Mode of Transmission

A

Opportunistic

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43
Q

Pseudomonas Infection Key Associations

A

produces a blue-green pigment called *pyocyanin*; infections of severe burns are pervasive

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44
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Major Symptoms

A

*Non-itchy spotted rash* on trunk and appendages; *Including soles and palms; petechiae* Fever, headaches, chills, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting

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45
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Causative Organism

A

Rickettsia ricketsii

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46
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram -)

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47
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Mode of Transmission

A

Hard ticks vector

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48
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Key Associations

A

Most severe and common Rickettsial illness

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49
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax Major Symptoms

A

Spreads to form painless, swollen, *black, crusty ulder (eschar)*; Releases anthrax into blood, producing toxemia

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50
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax Causative Organism

A

Bacillus anthracis

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51
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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52
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax Mode of Transmission

A

Direct Contact

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53
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax Key Associations

A

*Category A Bioterrorist Threat*

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54
Q

Gas Gangrene Major Symptoms

A

*Foul-smelling; gas bubbles* Intense pain; necrosis; shock, kidney failure, death

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55
Q

Gas Gangrene Causative Organism

A

Clostridium perfringens

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56
Q

Gas Gangrene Type of Pathogen

A

Bacteria (Gram +)

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57
Q

Gas Gangrene Mode of Transmission

A

Fecally contaminated soil/water – traumatic

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58
Q

Gas Gangrene Key Associations

A

*Rapid treatment is crucial*

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59
Q

Smallpox (aka Variola) Major Symptoms

A

*Pox lesions* that progress through series of stages

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60
Q

Smallpox (aka Variola) Causative Organism

A

Smallpox virus (Orthopox virus)

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61
Q

Smallpox (aka Variola) Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

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62
Q

Smallpox (aka Variola) Mode of Transmission

A

Primarily through inhalation

63
Q

Smallpox (aka Variola) Key Associations

A

*Only* human disease *eradicated worldwide; Category A Bioterrorist threat; BSL-4*

64
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Major Symptoms

A

Raised, *pearl-like waxy* papules

65
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Causative Organism

A

Molluscum Contagiosum virus (Molluscipoxvirus)

66
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

67
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Mode of Transmission

A

Direct Contact (sometimes STD)

68
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum Key Associations

A

Condoms may not afford protection

69
Q

Monkeypox Major Symptoms

A

*Pox lesions* that progress through a series of stages

70
Q

Monkeypox Causative Organism

A

Monkeypox virus (orthopoxvirus)

71
Q

Monkeypox Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

72
Q

Monkeypox Mode of Transmission

A

Primarily through inhalation

73
Q

Monkeypox Key Associations

A

*Emerging disease*; less serious than smallpox

74
Q

Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Major Symptoms

A

*Blisters on Face/Mouth* recurrent, painful, slow-spreading

75
Q

Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Causative Organism

A

Mainly Human Herpes Virus (HHV-1) (aka Herpes Simplex)

76
Q

Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

77
Q

Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Mode of Transmission

A

Close contact with active lesions

78
Q

Herpes labialis (oral herpes) Key Associations

A

*Latent* virus usually in *Trigeminal Ganglia*; “above the waist herpes”

79
Q

Herpetic Whitlow Major Symptoms

A

*Blisters on Finger* Recurrent, painful, slow spreading

80
Q

Herpetic Whitlow Causative Organism

A

Mainly HHV-1 (aka herpes simplex)

81
Q

Herpetic Whitlow Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

82
Q

Herpetic Whitlow Mode of Transmission

A

Close contact with active lesions

83
Q

Herpetic Whitlow Key Associations

A

*Latent virus* usually in *Brachial Ganglia*; “above the waist herpes”

84
Q

Herpes gladiatorum Major Symptoms

A

*Blisters anywhere* on body Recurrent, painful, slow-spreading

85
Q

Herpes gladiatorum Causative Organism

A

Mainly HHV-1 (aka herpes simplex)

86
Q

Herpes gladiatorum Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

87
Q

Herpes gladiatorum Mode of Transmission

A

Close contact with active lesions

88
Q

Herpes gladiatorum Key Associations

A

*Latent virus* in various ganglia; Associated with *contact sports*

89
Q

Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Major Symptoms

A

Extremely *itchy, fluid filled blisters* all over the body

90
Q

Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Causative Organism

A

HHV-3 (aka Varicella-Zoster)

91
Q

Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

92
Q

Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Mode of Transmission

A

*Highly infectious disease*- through the respiratory tract or eyes

93
Q

Chickenpox (aka Varicella) Key Associations

A

Most often affects children, more serious in adults

94
Q

Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Major Symptoms

A

*Painful*, blistering skin rash that follows *dermatome (usually unilateral)*

95
Q

Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Causative Organism

A

HHV-3 (aka Varicella-Zoster)

96
Q

Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

97
Q

Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Mode of Transmission

A

Reactivated latent virus in *15%* of people who have had chickenpox

98
Q

Shingles (aka Herpes Zoster) Key Associations

A

Shingles follow *dermatome; latent virus in spinal DRG*; post-herpetic neuralgia complication of shingles

99
Q

Warts Major Symptoms

A

*Benign* epithelial growths on the skin or mucous membranes

100
Q

Warts Causative Organism

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

101
Q

Warts Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

102
Q

Warts Mode of Transmission

A

*Autoinoculation* Direct contact, fomites

103
Q

Warts Key Associations

A

Common warts (papilomas): seed warts (fingers, toes), plantar warts (feet), flat warts (trunk, face, elbows, knees)

104
Q

Rubella (aka German Measels) Major Symptoms

A

*Rash* of flat, red to pink spots

105
Q

Rubella (aka German Measels) Causative Organism

A

Rubella Virus

106
Q

Rubella (aka German Measels) Type of Pathogen

A

RNA Virus

107
Q

Rubella (aka German Measels) Mode of Transmission

A

Spread in the air via respiratory droplets

108
Q

Rubella (aka German Measels) Key Associations

A

In *pregnant women* causes *congenital rubella syndrome*

109
Q

Measles (aka Rubeola) Major Symptoms

A

*Koplik’s spots* appear on the mucous membrane of the mouth; *rash* then appears on the head and spread over the body

110
Q

Measles (aka Rubeola) Causative Organism

A

Measles virus (Morbillivirus)

111
Q

Measles (aka Rubeola) Type of Pathogen

A

RNA Virus

112
Q

Measles (aka Rubeola) Mode of Transmission

A

Spread in the air via respiratory droplets *(highly contagious)*

113
Q

Measles (aka Rubeola) Key Associations

A

Sometimes causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE); Vaccine has eliminated endemic measles in the US

114
Q

Erythema infectiosum Major Symptoms

A

Reddening of the skin *resembles slap, aggravated by sunlight*

115
Q

Erythema infectiosum Causative Organism

A

Parvovirus B19

116
Q

Erythema infectiosum Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

117
Q

Erythema infectiosum Mode of Transmission

A

Spread mostly by droplets; *once the rash is present, the person is usually no longer infectious*

118
Q

Erythema infectiosum Key Associations

A

*aka fifth disease, “slapped cheek” syndrome*

119
Q

Roseola Major Symptoms

A

*Rose-colored rash*, mononucleosis-like symptoms

120
Q

Roseola Causative Organism

A

HHV-6 (aka Roseolovirus)

121
Q

Roseola Type of Pathogen

A

DNA Virus

122
Q

Roseola Mode of Transmission

A

Person to person, most likely by transfer of oral secretions

123
Q

Roseola Key Associations

A

*May* be linked to Multiple Sclerosis; *may* make people more susceptible to AIDS

124
Q

Piedra Major Symptoms

A

P. Hortae- *Hard, black, irregular nodules* on the hair shaft T. beiglii- *Soft, grayish-white, irregular nodules* on the hair shaft

125
Q

Piedra Causative Organism

A

Piedraia hortae Trichosporon beiglii

126
Q

Piedra Type of Pathogen

A

Fungus

127
Q

Piedra Mode of Transmission

A

Opportunistic pathogen; often transmitted via shared hair brushes and combs

128
Q

Piedra Key Associations

A

P. hortae- *Black Piedra* T. beiglii- *White Piedra*

129
Q

Pityriasis versicolor Major Symptoms

A

Hypo- or hyperpigmented patches of scaly skin

130
Q

Pityriasis versicolor Causative Organism

A

Malassezia furfur

131
Q

Pityriasis versicolor Type of Pathogen

A

Fungus

132
Q

Pityriasis versicolor Mode of Transmission

A

Opportunistic pathogen

133
Q

Pityriasis versicolor Key Associations

A

takes months to return to normal, identified by green color under UV light

134
Q

Dermatophytoses (aka “ringworm”) Major Symptoms

A

Red, raised lesions in specific body region; White/yellow thickening of nails

135
Q

Dermatophytoses (aka “ringworm”) Causative Organism

A

Epidermophyton sp. Microsporum sp. Trichopyton sp.

136
Q

Dermatophytoses (aka “ringworm”) Type of Pathogen

A

Fungus

137
Q

Dermatophytoses (aka “ringworm”) Mode of Transmission

A

Direct Contact/ Fomites

138
Q

Dermatophytoses (aka “ringworm”) Key Associations

A

*Tinea Pedis* (athlete’s foot); *Tinea cruris* (jock itch); *Tinea Corporis* (trunk); *Tinea capitis* (head); *Tinea unguium* (onychomycosis)

139
Q

Sporotrichosis Major Symptoms

A

*Cutaneous sporotrichosis*: nodular lesions around the infection site; *Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis*: secondary lesions occur on the skin along the course of lymphatic vessicles

140
Q

Sporotrichosis Causative Organism

A

Sporothrix schenckii

141
Q

Sporotrichosis Type of Pathogen

A

Fungus

142
Q

Sporotrichosis Mode of Transmission

A

Opportunistic pathogen- thorn prick or splinters allow transmission

143
Q

Sporotrichosis Key Associations

A

aka rose-gardener’s disease

144
Q

Leishmaniasis Major Symptoms

A

*Cutaneous*: large painless skin lesions; *Mucocutaneous*: skin lesions enlarge to encompass mucous membranes; *Visceral*: parasite is spread by macrophages throughout the body

145
Q

Leishmaniasis Causative Organism

A

Leishmania sp. (L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. tropica)

146
Q

Leishmaniasis Type of Pathogen

A

Protozoan

147
Q

Leishmaniasis Mode of Transmission

A

Sand fly vector

148
Q

Leishmaniasis Key Associations

A

Nicknamed **“Baghdad Boil”**; Visceral Leishmaniasis aka **kala azar**

149
Q

Scabies Major Symptoms

A

*Intense itching* and rash of small red bumps at infection site; *often linear*

150
Q

Scabies Causative Organism

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

151
Q

Scabies Type of Pathogen

A

Mite

152
Q

Scabies Mode of Transmission

A

Prolonged bodily contact

153
Q

Scabies Key Associations

A

*May* see characteristic **“burrows” or “tunnels”**; Epidemics occur in crowded conditions

Microbiology Charts (5 decks)

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