diseases of peri parturient ewes and mastitis

Question 1

what are three metabolic diseases of peri parturient ewes

Answer 1

pregnancy toxaemia
hypocalcaemia
hypomagnesaemia

Question 2

what are three things fat ewes are more prone to

Answer 2

dystocia
prolapse
pregnancy toxaemia

Question 3

what happens during pregnancy toxaemia (twin lamb disease)

Answer 3

hypoglycaemia
hyperketonaemia

Question 4

signs of preg tox

Answer 4

inappetent, seperated from group, central blindness, hyperaesthesia

Question 5

treatment of prgenancy toxaemia

Answer 5

iv glucose 50-100 ml, 40% dextrose
calcium
propylene glycol
meloxicam

Question 6

when does hypocalcaemia occur

Answer 6

within 6 wks pre lambing

Question 7

clinical signs of hypocalcaemia

Answer 7

weakness, recumbancy, dilated pupils, bloated

Question 8

hypocalcaemia treatment

Answer 8

iv 40-80ml 20% calcium borogluconate
and
1ml/kg calcium sub-cut

Question 9

when does hypomagnaesia occur

Answer 9

rare
post lambing at peak lactation
lush grass or bare pastures associated

Question 10

what are the clinical signs of hypomagnesia

Answer 10

rapid onset of neurological signs
excitable
tremors
convulsions
often found dead

Question 11

hypomag treatment

Answer 11

20-40ml 25% MgSO4 sub-cut

Question 12

what are the three presentations of mastitis in the sheep

Answer 12

1. gangrenous
2. acute
3. chronic

Question 13

describe gangrenous mastitis

Answer 13

4-8 wks post lambing during peak lactation.
sheep systemically ill with rumen stasis, tachycardic, inappetence, recumbancy and toxaemia.
milk is discoloured and lambs are hungry
udder swollen and blue with clear demarcation of healthy and infected tissue. infected tissue will eventually slough

Question 14

describe acute mastitis

Answer 14

4-8 wks post lambing during peak lactation.
ewe has fever and udder visibly red inflamed and painful.
milk is watery, discoloured with clots.
lambs hungry

Question 15

describe chronic mastitis

Answer 15

chronic infection detected when ewe is dry at weaning.
ewe not systematically ill
abscessess, swollen hard udder with purulent discharge from teats

Question 16

what are the causes of sheep mastitis and their source

Answer 16

staph aureus (teat skin commensal)
manhaemia haemolytica (lambs mouth)

Question 17

what increases the risk of mastitis

Answer 17

chapped teats
over sucking from hungry lambs
poor confirmation
orf

Question 18

mastitis treatment

Answer 18

only acute form can be treated
amoxicillin and meloxicam.
Cull otherwise

Question 19

when doing a paravertrebal block for anaesthesia between which vertebrae do you block

Answer 19

T13, L1, L2, L3