cattle fertility Flashcards
what are the three available sync programmes for cattle
- prostaglandin programmes
- CIDR basic programme
- CIDR-sync protocol
which is suitable for cycling animals and which is suitable for non cycling animals
prostaglandin and CIDR basic programme is suitable for cycling animals only
CIDR-sync programme is suitable for both cycling and non cycling animals
what are the three breeding strategies that can be used
- natural mating
- AI to those observed in heat
- fixed time artificial insemination
describe the prostaglandin programme
inject all individuals with a CL on their ovary with prostaglandin to initiate luteolysis. Over the next 11-14 days observe the herd for signs of heat. Any individuals seen bulling can be give AI during this period. For the individuals not given AI by the end of the 11-14 day period give them a second injection of PGF2. This is then followed up by fixed time AI at 72 and 96 hours after the second injection. This programme is often used in heifers
Describe the CIDR basic programme
day 0= insert CIDR
day 7= inject with PGF2
day 8= remove CIDR
following removal of CIDR heat detect and AI following a fixed time AI at 56hrs post removal for any unserved animals
describe the CIDR-sync programme
day 0 (AM)= insert CIDR and give GnRH injection
day 7 (AM)= give prostaglandin injection
day 8 (AM)= remove CIDR
36 hours later (PM)=GnRH injection
16-20 hours later give a fixed time AI service
what can be used following the CIDR-sync programme to inseminate missed cows
clear up bulls can be introduced 14 days following AI to allow natural mating of any empty females
how would you induce abortion in cattle/heifers
up to 150 days PGF2 is given to induce abortion of unwanted pregnancies.
any pregnancies later than 150 days require a combination of PGF2 and glucocorticoids to induce abortion.
*Inducing abortion in heifers that are >4 months into pregnancy is risky and can result in very dry and difficult abortions that may risk loosing the heifer. It is recommended to let the cow go to term and caesarean
what are the infectious causes of abortion in cattle
- blutongue
- BVD
- Brucellosis
- campylobacter fetus veneralis
- Chlamydia abortus
- IBR
- Leptospirosis
- Listeria
- Trichomonas
- Neospora
- salmonella
- Mycotic
- trueperella pyogenes
- Bacillus licheniformis
descibe BVD infections relating to stage in pregnancy and the effect this has on the fetus
infection <95 days= embryonic death/abortion
infection 95-120 days prgenancy= PI calf
infection >120 days= seropositive foetus, congenital lesions, abortion due to placentitis
describe campylobacteriosis
campylobacter fetus venerealis
an STD comon in beef herds using natural mating. Rare in dairy.
causes chronic endometritis and abortions between 4 and 8 months gestation.
Important to test bulls beforehand
what are the infective causes of viral vaginitis
IBR and BHV 1 and 2
when does lepto and listeria cause abortions
second half of pregnancy
(4 months onwards)
what disease process resulting in abortion is seen with bacillus licheniformis infection
necrotizing placentitis
how is neospora transmitted
both horizontally and vertically
dog-cow-fetus
cow-fetus
dog-cow-dog-cow
what are the different outcomes of neospora infection during different stages of prgenancy
1st trimester= early embryonic death
2nd trimester= abortion or PI calf with congenital defects
3rd trimester= PI calf, can have brain defects or be normal
what is an endemic and epidemic abortion rates in herds affected with neospora
endemic=>3% abortion rate
epidemic=>10% abortion
what is trichmoniasis
veneral disease of cattle caused by protozoan parasite tritrichomonas foetus which is spread by infected bulls. the disease reduces calf production by decreasing fertility and inducing abortions
how is neospora controlled
endogenous transmission
identify seropositive cows by either serology of whole herd or test calves at birth.
cull infected cows or selectivley breed and sell infected calves for beef. no cow-cow transmission therefore this is a viable option
exogenous transmission
reduce risk of infection of dogs by disposing afterbirth or aborted material carefully.
minimise contamination of cattle feed with dog feaces.
Biosecurity!
