Diseases of Integumentary System Flashcards
What is Acanthosis?
Thickening of the epidermis due to hyperplasia of the malphigian layer, with or without hyperkeratosis.
Define Acantholysis.
Swelling and isolation of cells as results of ballooning degeneration.
What is Ballooning degeneration?
Isolation of cells in the epidermis, particularly the deeper layers, following intracellular edema and vacuolization.
What is a Bulla?
A cavitation in the epidermis similar to but larger than a vesicle.
What are Crusts?
Dried residues of serum, blood, pus, epithelial and bacterial debris on the skin occurring in many oozing inflammations.
Define Dyskeratosis.
An abnormal development with distinctive alterations in epidermal cells, categorized into benign and malignant types.
What characterizes benign Dyskeratosis?
Disorganization of epidermal cells especially in the granular layer with swollen, eosinophilic cytoplasm.
What characterizes malignant Dyskeratosis?
Anaplastic changes in the epidermis manifested by hyperchromatism, changes in polarity, increase in mitotic activity, and enlargement of the nuclei.
What are Excoriations?
Superficial losses of epithelium usually produced mechanically or by the maceration action of discharges and wetness.
Define Fissure.
A linear defect in the epidermis extending sometimes to the dermis, resulting from loss of skin elasticity.
What is Hyperkeratosis?
Excessive thickness of the stratum corneum due to an increased number of keratinized cells.
What is Parakeratosis?
Imperfect cornification of the stratum corneum, characterized by intention of nuclei in horn cells.
What is Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia?
Severe acanthosis with downward growth of the rete pegs resembling a carcinoma.
Define Macule.
A circumscribed flat discoloration of the skin up to 1 cm in diameter.
What is a Patch?
A macule that is more than 1 cm in diameter.
What is a Papule?
A small circumscribed elevation of the skin.
Define Nodules.
Large solid papules located in the dermis or subcutis.
What is Lichenification?
Thickening of the skin with exaggeration of normal markings usually associated with chronic irritation.
What are Pustules?
Vesicles filled with pus.
What are Calluses?
Localized areas of skin hypertrophy involving the stratum corneum with some acanthosis.
Define Reticular colliguation.
A change in the epidermis where nuclei become pyknotic or karyorrhectic and cytoplasm becomes granular, coalescent, and edematous.
What is Spongiosis?
Intercellular edema of the epidermis occurring more readily over the dermal papillae.
Define Ulcers.
Erosions which extend into the dermis.
What is Urticaria?
A circumscribed area of edema and swelling involving the papillary area of the dermis.
What is a Vesicle?
A circumscribed cavity in the epidermis filled with serum, plasma or blood.
Define Keloid.
A hypertrophic scar of the dermis elevating the epidermis, made up of heavy bonds of eosinophilic collagen.
What is Folliculitis?
Inflammation of the hair follicles.
Define Furunculosis.
Abscesses in the dermis.
What is Acne?
A type of folliculitis where sealed-off follicles or sebaceous glands become enlarged and surrounded by intense inflammation.
Define Xanthomatosis.
Collections of histiocytic cells laden with lipoid substances in the dermis or subcutis.
What is Ichthyosis?
A congenital condition wherein the skin is composed of large horny plates separated by deep fissures.
Define Albinism.
Congenital absence of pigment.
What is Vitiligo?
Acquired depigmentation.
What is Alopecia?
Acquired lack of hair in an area of the skin.
Define Hypertrichosis.
Denotes an abnormal length of the hair fiber rather than an increased density.
What does Pityriasis refer to?
The presence of bran-like scales (dandruff).
What is Seborrhea?
Increase secretions of sebum.
Define Eczema.
A broad term denoting weeping skin inflammations generally associated with hypersensitivity reactions.
