Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DENT 322 - Image Interpretation > Diseases of Bone > Flashcards

Diseases of Bone Flashcards

1
Q

4 fibro-osseous lesions of the jaw

A
  • Periapical (cemento-) osseous dysplasia
  • Florid (cemento-) osseous dysplasia
  • Ossifying fibroma
  • Fibrous dysplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8 clinical features of PCD/POD

A
  • Very common
  • Middle age
  • Female/male ratio 9:1
  • 3 Black/ 1 Caucasian (also common in SE Asian)
  • Affected teeth are vital
  • Asymptomatic
  • Single or multiple lesions
  • No swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 radiographic features of early PCD/POD

A
  • Purely radiolucent
  • Not corticated
  • Fairly well-defined
  • Loss of lamina dura
  • PDL intact
  • Diff: rarefying osteitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 radiographic features of PCD

A
  • Mixed radiolucent/radiopaque
  • Radiopacities develop within the radiolucency, grow and coalesce
  • The radiolucency stops enlarging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 differential diagnoses for PCD

A
  • Odontoma
  • Cementoblastoma
  • OF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radiographic appearance of late stage PCD

A
  • Mostly radiopaque
  • A radiolucent rim surrounds the lesion but is often incomplete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 differential diagnoses for late stage PCD

A
  • Cementoblastoma
  • Osteoma
  • Idiopathic osteosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define FOD clinically

A
  • Widespread form of PCD
  • Multiple lesions
  • Lesions are large and often cause swelling
  • 4 quadrants can be affected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 ragiographic features of FOD

A
  • Similar to PCD
  • Cotton-wool appearance
  • Granular appearance
  • Cortication can be present
  • Sometimes associated with simple (traumatic) bone cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differential diagnosis for FOD

A

Paget’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 clinical features of oddifying fibroma (OF)

A
  • Young adult
  • Female > male
  • Mandible, molar-premolar region
  • Swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 radiographic stages of ossifying fibroma

A

Lucent, mixed, opaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

7 radiographic features of ossifying fibroma

A
  • Radiolucent initially, often round
  • Radiopacities develop in the radiolucency, enlarge and coalesce - granular appearance
  • Can be very radiopaque
  • Well-defined border, hyperostotic sometimes
  • Radiolucent rim
  • Resorption and/or displacement of roots
  • Expansion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 differential diagnoses of ossifying fibroma

A
  • AOT
  • COC
  • CEOT
  • PCD
  • Ameloblastoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 types and 2 subtypes of fibrous dysplasia

A
  • Monostotic (70%)
  • Polyostotic (30%)
    • Jaffe’s type
    • Albright’s syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 characteristics of Jaffe’s type fibrous dysplasia

A
  • Multiple bones affected
  • Cafe-au-lait spots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 characteristics of Albright’s syndrome

A
  • Multiple bones affected
  • Cafe-au-lait spots
  • Endocrine abnormalities
    • Most common abnormality is precocious sexual development in females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 clinical features of fibrous dysplasia

A
  • Children
  • Incidental finding in many patients
  • Swelling in others
  • Stops growing with the end of skeletal growth
  • Unilateral in the jaws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

10 radiographic features of fibrous dysplasia

A
  • Diffuse margins
  • Blends with normal bone
  • Replacement of the normal bone pattern with an abnormal-looking bone
  • Alteration in the bone pattern
  • Ground glass, orange peel bone patterns
  • Expansion - no perforation of cortex
  • Unilateral in the jaws
  • Can obliterate the maxillary sinus
  • Can displace teeth, resorb roots
  • Can displace the mandibular canal superiorly (pathognomonic)

NOTE: Radiopacity increases with the stage of the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 differential diagnoses for fibrous dysplasia

A
  • CGCG
  • OF
  • Paget’s
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Osteomyelitis
21
Q

4 clinical features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG)

A
  • 2nd, 3rd decades
  • Mandibleémaxilla 2:1
  • Anterior region, regions where deciduous teeth were present
  • Swelling
22
Q

7 radiographic features of central giant cell granuloma

A
  • Small lesions are radiolucent and unilocular
  • Larger lesions are multilocular with fine, wispy trabeculae
  • Fairly well-defined but poorly corticated
  • Trabeculae at right angle to the buccal cortex on an occlusal radiograph
  • Bulging of buccal cortex produces 2 layers of cortex
  • Crosses the midline
  • Spectacular root displacement and resorption
23
Q

4 differential diagnoses for CGCG

A
  • Amelo
  • ABC
  • OKC
  • OF
24
Q

7 clinical characteristics of cherubism

A
  • Inherited
  • Starts in young children, age 2-6
  • Bilateral enlargement of the posterior region of the mandible
  • Bilateral enlargement of the posterior maxilla can also be present
  • Very rarely unilateral
  • Lesions stop growing and even regress during adolescence
  • Histology resembling central giant cell granuloma
25
Q

5 radiographic features of cherubism

A
  • Multilocular symmetrical well-defined corticated radiolucencies in the ramus, angle and posterior mandible
  • Internal structure similar to CGCG (fine wispy trabeculae giving multilocular appearance)
  • Can extend into the condyles posteriorly and anteriorly to the midline in very severe cases
  • Expansion of the cortices
  • Displacement of erupted teeth, displacement of unerupted teeth anteriorly. Some tooth buds can be missing
26
Q

4 differential diagnoses for cherubism

A
  • CGCG
  • Fibrous dysplasia
  • Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (multiple keratocysts)
  • Histiocytosis X
27
Q

How to differentiate cherubism from CGCG and fibrous dysplasia

A

Cherubism is bilateral while the other two are unilateral

28
Q

How to differentiate cherubism from Gorlin-Goltz syndrome

A

Gorlin-Goltz is usually not as symmetrical as cherubism and there is not as much anterior displacement of the teeth

29
Q

Treatment of cherubism

A

Cosmetic surgery at the end of skeletal growth

30
Q

3 clinical forms of idiopathic histiocytosis

A
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Hand-Shuller Christian
  • Letterer-Siwe
31
Q

3 clinical features of idiopathic histiocytosis

A
  • Age related
  • 10% of patients have oral lesions
  • Most lesions are in the mandible
32
Q

Radiographic appearance of idiopathic histoicytosis skull lesions

A

Geographic skull

33
Q

Radiographic appearance of idiopathic histiocytosis jaw lesions

A
  • Central lesions
    • Ill-defined
    • Solitary
    • Periosteal reaction
  • Alveolar bone lesions
    • Multiple
    • Well-defined
    • Scooped-out effect
    • Teeth floating in air
34
Q

4 differential diagnoses for idiopathic histiocytosis

A
  • Perio
  • Leukemia
  • Cyclic neutropenia
  • Lymphoma
35
Q

6 clinical features of Paget`s disease

A
  • Older adults
  • Male > Female
  • Many bones can be affected, particularly the skull
  • Entire bone is affected, so it is bilateral in the jaws (to differentiate from FD)
  • Bone pain, swelling, bowing of legs, curvature of spine, large head, diastemas, denture/hat too tight, deafness…
  • Serum alkaline phosphatase elevated
36
Q

2 treatments for Paget’s disease

A

Calcitonin or bisphosphonate

37
Q

3 radiographic stages of Paget’s disease

A

Radiolucent, mixed and radiopaque

38
Q

6 radiographic features of Paget’s disease

A
  • Alteration of the bone pattern, ground glass, thumb print, cotton wool appearance, linearity in mandible
  • Severe expansion of the bone
  • Reduction in size of maxillary sinus
  • Generalized hypercementosis
  • Diastemas
  • Increase in density of bone (i.e. in mandible and skull)
39
Q

2 conditions for which the incidence is inreased in Paget’s disease

A
  • Osteogenic sarcoma (~10%)
  • Osteomyelitis in dense bone
40
Q

3 differential diagnoses for Paget’s disease

A
  • Fibrous dysplasia
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Metastases

NOTE: FD and osteomyelitis are unilateral while Paget’s is bilateral

41
Q

3 clinical features of hypeparathyroidism

A
  • Increased PTH parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism
    • Benign tumor of a parathyroid gland
    • 2-3 females: 1 male
  • Secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • In response to hypocalcemia
42
Q

5 radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism

A
  • Generalized increased radiolucency due to a demineralization of the jaws
  • Granular appearance of the bone pattern - ground glass
  • Thinning of cotices including inferior cortex and lamina dura of teeth
    • Partial or complete loss of lamina dura
  • Teeth stand out because the adjacent bone is so radiolucent
    • Roots of teeth have a tapered appearance
  • Brown tumors histologically identical to CGCG can develop. Radiolucent and can have ill-defined borders
43
Q

5 clinical features of osteoporosis

A
  • Reduction in bone mass
  • Older adults
  • Female>male
  • Post-menopausal women
  • Fracture
44
Q

4 radiographic features of osteoporosis

A
  • Generalized increased radiolucency of the jaws
  • Reduction in the number of trabeculae
  • Thinning of cortices including inferior cortex and lamina dura of teeth
  • Teeth appear to stand out because the adjacent bone is so radiolucent
45
Q

Define osteopetrosis

A

Defect of osteoclasts –> increase in bone mass

May be asymptomatic

46
Q

3 complications of osteopetrosis

A
  • Fracture
  • Cranial nerve palsies
  • Osteomyelitis
47
Q

5 radiographic features of osteopetrosis

A
  • Generalized increased radiopacity of the jaws and all bones of the skeleton
  • Increased density can result in disappearance of the trabecular bone pattern
  • Mild expansion can be present
  • Cortices are less apparent because the adjacent bone is so dense
  • Teeth are less apparent because the adjacent bone is so dense
    • Malformed roots, missing teeth, delayed eruption often present
48
Q

7 clinical features of progressive systemic sclerosis

A
  • Chronic autoimmune disease of connective tissue
  • 4th, 5th, 6th decades
  • 3 females : 1 male
  • Hardened, thickened skin
  • Limitation of opening
  • Xerostomia
  • Severity of involvement variable
49
Q

2 radiographic features of progressive systemic sclerosis

A
  • Generalized widening of the periodontal ligament space
  • Bilateral and symmetrical erosions at the site of attachment of muscles
    • Coronoid process
    • Condylar head
    • Angle of mandible
    • Digastric region

DENT 322 - Image Interpretation (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions