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DENT 322 - Image Interpretation > Abnormalities > Flashcards

Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

6 types of abnormalities of the teeth

A

Abnormalities in the:

  • Number of teeth
  • Size of teeth
  • Shape of teeth
  • Eruption of teeth
  • Structure of teeth
  • Acquired abnormalities
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2
Q

2 types of abnormalities of the number of teeth

A

Increased number of teeth

Reduced number of teeth

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3
Q

4 types of abnormalities resulting in increased number of teeth

A
  • Supernumary - supplemental
  • Mesiodens
  • Paramolar
  • Distomolar - distodens
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4
Q

3 types of abnormalities resulting in reduced number of teeth

A
  • Hypodontia
  • Oligodontia
  • Anodontia
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5
Q

Where do multiple supernumary teeth more commonly occur?

A

In the mandible

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6
Q

Where do single supernumary teeth more commonly occur?

A

Maxilla

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7
Q

Define supernumaries

A

Additional teeth that are smaller and misshapened

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8
Q

Define supplemental teeth

A

Additional teeth of normal size and shape

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9
Q

Define paramolar

A

Supernumary tooth in the molar region

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10
Q

Define distomolar or distodens

A

Supernumary tooth occuring distal to to the third molar

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11
Q

Define peridens

A

Supernumary tooth that erupts to the bucaal or lingual of the arch

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12
Q

Useful imaging technique for detecting location of supernumary teeth in the mandible

A

Occlusal

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13
Q

Radiographic examination technique that is useful to determine the location of supernumary teeth location in the maxilla

A

SLOB rule

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14
Q

Define mesiodens

A

Supernumary tooth that develops on the maxillary midline

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15
Q

Describe the characteristics of mesiodens (6)

A
  • Can prevent the eruption of central incisors
  • Small tooth in a vertical, inverted or horizontal position
  • Normal density of teeth
  • Usually more palatal
  • PDL space and lamina dura present
  • Normal tooth architecture
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16
Q

4 skull abnormalities of cleidocranial dysplasia

A
  • Brachycephaly (reduced AP, increased width)
  • Delayed closure or open fontanelles
  • Open sutures
  • Wormian bones
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17
Q

Maxillary abnormality associated with cleidocranial dysplasia

A

Maxillary micrognathia:

  • Maxillary hypoplasia
  • Hypoplasia of maxillary sinuses
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18
Q

3 radiographic findings of cleidocranial dysplasia

A
  • Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth
  • Mulitple unerupted supernamary teeth resembling premolars
  • Maxillary hypoplasia
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19
Q

4 commonly missing teeth based in decreasing order of frequency

A
  1. 3rd molars
  2. 2nd premolars
  3. Maxillary laterals
  4. Mandibular central incisors
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20
Q

3 characteristics of hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia

A
  • Hypohydrosis (abnormally diminished perspiration)
  • Hypotrichosis
  • Hypodontia with conical teeth
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21
Q

Most frequently affected tooth by microdontia

A

Peg lateral incisor

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22
Q

Syndrome in which generalized micodontia can occur

A

Trisomy 21

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23
Q

Differential diagnoses for macrodontia

A

Fusion or gemination

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24
Q

Define talon cusp

A

T-shaped incisor edge due to a hyperplasia of the cingulum

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25
Q

Radiographic appearance of talon cusps

A
  • Pulp horn may be seen extending into the cusp
  • Well-defined radiopacity superimposed over the crown
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26
Q

Differential diagnosis for talon cusp

A

Mesiodens

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27
Q

Define dilaceration

A

Curved root that can compromise the success of endodontic therapy or complicate extractions

28
Q

5 characteristics of taurodontism

A
  • Found on molars
  • Single or multiple teeth
  • Unilateral or bilateral
  • Extension of the pulp chamber, shorter roots
  • Increased distance between CEJ and furcation
29
Q

2 teeth most commonly affected by dens invaginatus (dens in dente)

A

Permanent maxillary lateral incisor

Maxillary central incisor

30
Q

3 characteristics of dens invaginatus

A
  • Prominent palatal marginal ridges or cingulus, deep cingulum pit
  • Thin enamel in the invagination
  • A lot of variation in the severity of involvement
31
Q

Importance of recognizing dens invaginatus radiographically

A

To prophylactically restore the pit and prevent endodontic therapy

32
Q

Tooth most commonly affected by dens evaginatus

A

Mandibular premolar (Leong’s premolar)

33
Q

2 characteristics of dens evaginatus

A

Enamel covered tubercle on the occlusal surface with pulp horn

Most often occurs in people of mongoloid origin

34
Q

Risk of dens evaginatus

A

Tubercle is removed by attrition –> Micro pulp exposure on a virgin tooth, pulp necrosis and possible periapical radiolucency

35
Q

Define fusion

A

Fusion of 2 teeth –> reduced number of teeth on the arch. Important to examine radiographically to reveal extent of fusion and decide on management

36
Q

4 forms of fusion

A
  • One large tooth
  • Bifid crowns with one root
  • 2 teeth united by dentin
  • Rarely, 2 teeth united by enamel
37
Q

Define gemination

A

Division of a tooth bud of a single tooth –> normal number of teeth on the arch

Deciduous > permanent

Important to examine radiographically to reveal extent to decide on management

38
Q

3 forms of gemination

A
  • One large crown
  • Crown divided by a groove
  • 2 crowns with pulp chamber can be enlarged, but single, partially divided
39
Q

Define concrescence

A

Roots of 2 teeth united by cementum. Teeth can fail to erupt or would be difficult to extract. PDL space is absent where the roots are fused. Several radiographcs me need to be taken to separate teeth

40
Q

Teeth most commonly affected by concrescence

A

Maxillary molars

41
Q

Define supernumary roots

A

Variation in the number of roots of teeth. Has some significance if an endodontic treatment is required

42
Q

Define transposition

A

2 teeth exchange positions

43
Q

Define secondary dentin

A

Deposition of new dentin after the formation of primary dentin, which are indistinguishable from each other. Normal process associated with aging. No consequence other than making endodontic therapy difficult if necessary

44
Q

Radiographic appearance of secondary dentin

A

Reduction in the size of the pulp chamber and canal, loss of pulp horns

45
Q

Define attrition

A

Flattening of the occlusal surface. Shortening of the height of the crown –> deposition of secondary dentin that reduces the size of the pulp chamber

46
Q

Importance of the radiographic detection of attrition

A

To detect a possible periapical radiolucency associated witha necrotic pulp when attrition is severe

47
Q

Radiographic appearance of abrasion/ abfraction

A

Usually seen on canines and premolars as a triangular radiolucency at the inferior aspect of the crown. Important to detect in case of periapical radiolucency with necrotic pulp when abrasion is severe

48
Q

Define pulp stones

A

Foci of calcification in the pulp chamber. No consequence other than making endodontic therapy difficult if necessary

49
Q

Radiographic appearance of pulp stones

A

Only large stones visible. One or more multiple round or ovoid radiopacities in the pulp chamber or canal

50
Q

Define pulp sclerosis

A

Diffuse type of pulp calcification that increases with age

51
Q

Radiographic appearance of pulp sclerosis

A

Diffuse irregular radiopacities in the pulp chamber and canals

52
Q

Define hypercementosis

A

Excessive deposition of cementum on the tooth root

53
Q

3 situations in which hypercementosis occurs

A
  • Supraerupted tooth
  • Inflammation
  • Hyperocclusion
54
Q

Condition where generalized hypercementosis is seen

A

Paget’s disease

55
Q

Radiographic appearance of hypercementosis

A

Excessive amounts of cementum on the root. Cementum = less radiopaque than dentin. PDL and lamina dura around excessive cement.

56
Q

4 types of amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  • Hypoplastic
  • Hypomaturation
  • Hypocalcified
  • Hypomaturation (hypocalcified with taurodontism)
57
Q

4 possible characteristics of amelogenesis imperfecta

A
  • Square shape of crowns
  • Absent or thin enamel
  • Enamel of normal thickness but more radiolucent
  • Pitted enamel
58
Q

2 types of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • Type I with osteogenesis imperfecta (skeletal defects)
  • Type II affects only the teeth
59
Q

Clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

Teeth are yellow to grey with an amber-like translucency

60
Q

Radiographic appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • Normal crowns appear bulbous because of a constriction at the CEJ
  • Obliteration of the pulp chambers
61
Q

Clinical appearance of dentin dysplasia type I radicular

A

Normal color and shape of the teeth

62
Q

radiographic appearance of dentin dysplasia type I radicular

A
  • Short and abnormal shape of roots
  • Obliteration of the pulp chambers of the teeth before their eruption
  • Periapical radiolucencies
63
Q

Clinical appearance of dentin dysplasia type II coronal

A

Teeth have the appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta

64
Q

Radiographic appearance of dentin dysplasia type II coronal (4)

A
  • Normal size and shape of the roots
  • Obliteration of the pulp chambers of the teeth after their eruption
  • Pulp calcifications
  • Flame or thistle-tube pulp chambers
65
Q

Define regional odontodysplasi

A

Defect of anemal and dentin affecting a few adjacent teeth and not all teeth

DENT 322 - Image Interpretation (12 decks)

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