Diseases (MC questions) Flashcards by Erika N

Which of the following pathogens is primarily transmitted through the consumption of undercooked ground beef and can cause severe gastrointestinal illness?
A) Salmonella
B) E. coli O157:H7
C) Listeria monocytogenes
D) Norovirus

B) E. coli O157:H7

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Which of the following disease is associated with the consumption of contaminated water or food and can cause flu-like symptoms, including fever and jaundice?
A) Hepatitis A
B) Typhoid fever
C) Crytosporidiosis
D) Cholera

A) Hepatitis A

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Which of the following is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito and commonly associated with the California environment?
A) Malaria
B) West Nile virus
C) Lyme disease
D) Zika virus

B) West Nile virus

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Which of the following pathogens is most commonly associated with foodborne illness outbreaks in institutions such as schools or cruise ships due to its ability to spread rapidly through contaminated water or food?
A) Clostridium botulinum
B) Norovirus
C) Campylobacter jejuni
D) Listeria monocytogenes

B) Norovirus

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Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their feces and is a concern for workers in animal handling or processing industries?
A) Hantavirus
B) Tuberculosis
C) Rabies
D) Leptospirosis

D) Leptospirosis

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Which of the following is the most common mode of transmission for the Zika virus?
A) Airborne transmission
B) Sexual contact
C) Ingestion of contaminated water
D) Mosquito bite

D) Mosquito bite

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Which of the following diseases is commonly associated with improperly prepared or stored dairy products, particularly unpasteurized milk?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Listeriosis
C) Hepatitis B
D) Shigellosis

B) Listeriosis

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Which of the following environmental factors is most strongly associated with the transmission of histoplasmosis, a fungal disease?
A) High humidity and decaying organic matter
B) Poor sanitation and contaminated water
C) Exposure to animal feces
D) Polluted air and dust particles

A) High humidity and decaying organic matter

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Which of the following diseases is commonly associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with fecal material, particularly in coastal regions?
A) Hepatitis E
B) Vibrio vulnificus infection
C) Legionnaires’ disease
D) Salmonellosis

B) Vibrio vulnificus infection

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Which of the following pathogens can cause a foodborne illness outbreak due to improper cooling of cooked food, such as rice or pasta, and can lead to symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea?
A) Bacillus cereus
B) Clostridium botulinum
C) Escherichia coli
D) Shigella

A) Bacillus cereus

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Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water and causes severe dehydration due to profuse diarrhea, which can be life-threatening if untreated?
A) Typhoid fever
B) Cholera
C) Hepatitis A
D) Campylobacteriosis

B) Cholera

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What is the most common mode of transmission for tuberculosis (TB)?
A) Mosquito bites
B) Inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person
C) Consumption of contaminated food or water
D) Contact with infected animals

B) Inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person

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Which of the following diseases is transmitted by fleas from infected rodents and can cause severe illness in humans, including fever, chills, and swollen lymph nodes (buboes)?
A) Plague
B) Malaria
C) Lyme disease
D) Zika virus

A) Plague

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Which of the following pathogens is responsible for causing a disease that primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms such as severe cramping, diarrhea, and vomiting, and is commonly spread through contaminated food or water?
A) Shigella
B) Clostridium perfringens
C) Norovirus
D) Giardia lamblia

C) Norovirus

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Which of the following environmental factors is most important for preventing the spread of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, in California?
A) Managing soil moisture levels
B) Eliminating stagnant water where mosquitoes breed
C) Installing air filtration systems
D) Increasing public education on disease prevention

B) Eliminating stagnant water where mosquitoes breed

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Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterium that forms spores and can survive in dry conditions for long periods, often contaminating canned foods?
A) Campylobacteriosis
B) Clostridium botulinum poisoning
C) Salmonellosis
D) E. coli O157:H7

B) Clostridium botulinum poisoning

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Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with the Zika virus infection?
A) Sudden weight loss
B) Severe gastrointestinal distress
C) Fever, rash, and joint pain
D) Persistent cough

C) Fever, rash, and joint pain

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Which of the following pathogens is primarily transmitted by ingesting food or water contaminated with fecal matter and can cause a severe gastrointestinal infection characterized by diarrhea, cramps, and vomiting?
A) Cryptosporidium
B) Vibrio cholerae
C) Rotavirus
D) Hepatitis E

A) Cryptosporidium

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Which of the following diseases is spread primarily by airborne transmission and is characterized by a persistent cough, weight loss, and night sweats?
A) Influenza
B) Tuberculosis
C) Hepatitis B
D) Pneumococcal pneumonia

B) Tuberculosis

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Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan parasite and is typically contracted by ingesting contaminated drinking water?
A) Giardia lamblia
B) Salmonella enterica
C) Toxoplasmosis
D) Malaria

A) Giardia lamblia

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Which of the following is the most common vector for transmitting Lyme disease?
A) Fleas
B) Ticks
C) Mosquitoes
D) Rodents

B) Ticks

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Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with foodborne outbreaks linked to raw or undercooked eggs and poultry?
A) Listeria monocytogenes
B) Salmonella
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Clostridium perfringens

B) Salmonella

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Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water, and causes gastrointestinal distress with symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps?
A) Shigellosis
B) Hepatitis A
C) Norovirus infection
D) Campylobacteriosis

A) Shigellosis

Which of the following diseases is caused by a viral infection that leads to swelling of the salivary glands and can cause severe complications such as encephalitis or sterility?
A) Measles
B) Mumps
C) Rubella
D) Chickenpox

B) Mumps

Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito and can cause severe neurological damage or death, particularly in infants and older adults? A) Zika virus B) West Nile virus C) Malaria D) Chikungunya virus

B) West Nile virus

Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis (TB)? A) Regular handwashing B) Ensuring proper vaccination with the BCG vaccine C) Quarantining individuals with active TB D) Proper ventilation and air filtration in enclosed spaces

D) Proper ventilation and air filtration in enclosed spaces

Which of the following is a primary preventative measure to reduce the risk of foodborne illness caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli)? A) Pasteurization of dairy products B) Cooking ground meat to an internal temperature of at least 160°F C) Avoiding contact with wild animals D) Regular hand washing with soap and water after handling food

B) cooking ground meet to an internal temperature of at least 160°F

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus that affects the liver and is transmitted primarily through contaminated blood and bodily fluids? A) Hepatitis A B) Hepatitis B C) Hepatitis C D) Hepatitis D

B) Heptatitis B

Which of the following pathogens is a common cause of waterborne illness, particularly in recreational waters such as lakes and swimming pools? A) Shigella B) Cryptosporidium C) Salmonella D) Listeria monocytogenes

B) Cryptosporidium

Which of the following conditions is caused by a bacterial infection resulting from eating undercooked poultry, often presenting with symptoms of severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and fever? A) Salmonellosis B) Campylobacteriosis C) Shigellosis D) Listeriosis

B) Campylobacteriosis

Which of the following diseases is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash that often starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads to the body? A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever B) Malaria C) Lyme disease D) Dengue fever

A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following diseases is caused by a fungal infection often contracted by individuals who inhale spores from bird droppings or bat guano in environments with high humidity? A) Histoplasmosis B) Aspergillosis C) Coccidioidomycosis D) Cryptococcosis

A) Histoplasmosis

Which of the following is a major risk factor for the transmission of Legionella bacteria, which can cause Legionnaires' disease? A) Poorly maintained swimming pools B) Inadequate water chlorination in cooling towers C) Contaminated food storage D) Exposure to farm animals

B) inadequate water chlorination in cooling towers

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or animal products and can cause fever, flu-like symptoms, and skin lesions? A) Anthrax B) Rabies C) Tuberculosis D) Smallpox

A) Anthrax

Which of the following is the most common cause of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to salad bars or raw produce? A) Norovirus B) Salmonella C) Escherichia coli O157:H7 D) Listeria monocytogenes

B) Salmonella

Which of the following is the primary vector for transmitting Plasmodium parasites, the causative agent of malaria? A) Aedes mosquitoes B) Anopheles mosquitoes C) Culex mosquitoes D) Ticks

B) Anopheles mosquitoes

Which of the following vectors is responsible for transmitting Lyme disease in California? A) Fleas B) Ticks C) Mosquitoes D) Rodents

B) Ticks

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with Wuchereria bancrofti, and can cause severe swelling of limbs and genital organs (elephantiasis)? A) Malaria B) Zika virus C) Filariasis D) Dengue fever

C) Filariasis

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes and is known to cause severe joint pain, fever, and rash? A) West Nile virus B) Zika virus C) Chikungunya virus D) Yellow fever

C) Chikungunya virus

Which of the following is the most effective way to reduce the risk of West Nile virus transmission in an urban environment? A) Use of chemical pesticides to eliminate all mosquitoes B) Installing air purifiers in homes and offices C) Eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed D) Installing ultraviolet light traps in all public areas

C) Eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed

Which of the following is a primary vector for transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease? A) Ticks B) Mosquitoes C) Rodents D) Fleas

A) Ticks

Which of the following pathogens is primarily transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and is responsible for the majority of worldwide malaria cases? A) Plasmodium falciparum B) Plasmodium vivax C) Plasmodium ovale D) Plasmodium malariae

A) Plasmodium falciparum

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by ticks and is characterized by a "bull's-eye" rash at the site of the tick bite, often followed by flu-like symptoms? A) Ehrlichiosis B) Lyme disease C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever D) Tularemia

B) Lyme disease

Which of the following is a common vector for the transmission of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever? A) Fleas B) Lice C) Ticks D) Mosquitoes

C) Ticks

Which of the following vector-borne diseases is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, and a rash that may start at the wrists and ankles and spread inward? A) Dengue fever B) Zika virus C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever D) Malaria

C) Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Which of the following is a key environmental factor for preventing the spread of the Zika virus? A) Reduction of indoor air pollution B) Elimination of mosquito breeding sites, particularly standing water C) Building more public health infrastructure D) Increasing the use of antiviral medications

B) Elimination of mosquito breeding site, particularly standing water

Which of the following organisms is primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected flea and causes a disease known as bubonic plague? A) Yersinia pestis B) Rickettsia rickettsii C) Bartonella henselae D) Toxoplasma gondii

A) Yersinia pestis

Which of the following measures is most effective in controlling the population of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a major vector for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses? A) Use of insect repellents only B) Wide-scale spraying of pesticides in urban areas C) Elimination of standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs D) Regular use of antimalarial drugs

C) Elimination of standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs

Which of the following factors is a significant risk for transmission of Dengue virus? A) Human-to-human contact B) Aedes mosquito bites C) Contact with infected animals D) Contaminated food and water

B) Aedes mosquito bites

Which of the following is the primary vector for the transmission of the Dengue virus? A) Culex mosquitoes B) Aedes mosquitoes C) Anopheles mosquitoes D) Fleas

B) Aedes mosquitoes

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and is known for causing birth defects, particularly microcephaly, in infants born to infected mothers? A) Malaria B) Zika virus C) Yellow fever D) Dengue fever

B) Zika virus

Which of the following is a common habitat for Culex mosquitoes, which are vectors of West Nile virus? A) Clear, fast-moving streams B) Stagnant water, such as birdbaths, discarded tires, and clogged gutters C) High-altitude lakes D) Saltwater marshes

B) Stagnant water, such as birdbaths, discarded tires, and clogged gutters

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by sandflies and causes a skin ulcerative condition known as "cutaneous leishmaniasis"? A) West Nile virus B) Leishmaniasis C) Chagas disease D) Typhus

B) Leishmaniasis

Which of the following factors is most likely to increase the population of mosquitoes that carry vector-borne diseases like malaria and Zika virus? A) A sudden drop in the temperature B) Increased rainfall leading to standing water in containers C) Deforestation and urbanization D) Increased use of pesticides

B) Increased rainfall leading to standing water in containers