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Diseases and Treatments > Diseases and Treatments > Flashcards

Diseases and Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

A

Allopurinol (1st line)

Febuxostat

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2
Q

Orotic Aciduria

A

uridine monophosphate to bypass mutated enzyme

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3
Q

ADHD

A 
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Amphetamines
Atomoxetine
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Dextroamphetamine (Adderall) - increased presynaptic release of NE

Behavioral Interventions (reinforcement, reward)

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4
Q

Tourette Syndrome

A

Antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol)

Behavioral therapy

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5
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

SSRIs

Relaxation techniques/behavioral interventions

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6
Q

Hair-pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)

A

Education –> CBT –> fluoxetine or clomipramine

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7
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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8
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

supportive therapy, CBT, counseling

**SSRIs do NOT typically work

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9
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Daytime stimulants (e.g. amphetamines, modafinil)

Nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB)

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10
Q

Delirium tremens (DTs) from alcohol withdrawal

A

benzodiazepines

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11
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram
Naltrexone
Supportive care

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12
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

IV thiamine

*Remember to give thiamine BEFORE glucose if hypoglycemic

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13
Q

Benzodiazepine OD

A

supportive

consider flumazenil **can trigger seizures!

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14
Q

Barbiturate OD

A

assist respiration

increase BP

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15
Q

Opioid OD

A

naloxone

naltrexone

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16
Q

Opioid W/D

A

long term support
methadone
buprenorphine

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17
Q

Cocaine OD

A

benzodiazepines

haloperidol

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18
Q

Tx for nicotine W/D

A

bupropion

varenicline

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19
Q

PCP intoxication

  • *pupils are NORMAL
  • *note nystagmus
A

benzodiazepines

rapid acting antipsychotic

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20
Q

Heroin addict

A

Methadone - long acting oral opiate –> used for heroin detoxification or long-term maintenance

Naloxone + Buprenorphine - partial agonist w/ fewer withdrawal Sx than methadone

Naltrexone - long acting antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified

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21
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Dantrolene

DA agonist

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22
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

lithium
valproic acid
carbamazepine
atypical antipsychotics

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23
Q

Atypical Depression

A

MAOIs*

SSRIs

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24
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist)

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25
Q

Panic Disorder

A

CBT
SSRIs
venlafaxine
benzodiazepines (not first choice)

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26
Q

Specific phobia

A

systematic desensitization

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27
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

SSRIs

clomipramine

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28
Q

PTSD

A

psychotherapy

SSRIs

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29
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
buspirone
CBT

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30
Q

Hartnup Disease

A

high protein diet

nicotinic acid

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31
Q

Liddle Syndrome

A

Amiloride

Triamterene

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32
Q

Central Diabetes Insipidus

A 
Intranasal DDAVP (ADH analog)
Hydration
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33
Q

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A

HCTZ*
Indomethacin
Amiloride
Hydration

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34
Q

SIADH

A 
fluid restriction
IV hypertonic saline
conivaptan
tolvaptan
demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)
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35
Q

Minimal Change Disease

A

corticosteroids

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36
Q

Recurrent calcium stones

A

thiazides and citrate

37
Q

Ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stone

A

eradication of underlying infection and surgical removal of stone

38
Q

uric acid kidney stone

A

alkalization of urine

39
Q

cystine kidney stone

A

alkalization of urine and hydration

40
Q

Fructose Intolerance

A

decrease intake of both fructose and sucrose (glucose and fructose)

41
Q

Classic Galactosemia

A

exclude galactose and lactose from diet

42
Q

Von Gierke Disease (Type I)

A

Deficiency in glucose - 6- phosphatase

frequent oral glucose/cornstarch
avoidance of fructose and galactose

43
Q

McArdle Disease (Type V)

A

increase protein intake

44
Q

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

A

low protein diet
phenylbutyrate - binds glycine and glutmate to excrete
benzoate
biotin - stimulates OTC

45
Q

`Hyperammonemia

A

Lactulose - acidifies the GI tract and traps NH4+ for excretion

46
Q

Cystinuria

A

urinary alkalinization (e.g. potassium citrate, acetazolamide) and chelating agents to increase solubility of cystine stones

good hydration

47
Q

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

A

restriction of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in diet

thiamine supplementation

48
Q

Lead Poisoning

A

Dimercaprol and EDTA - first line

Succimer for chelation in kids

49
Q

Iron Poisoning

A

IV deferoxamine, oral deferasirox

dialysis

50
Q

Acromegaly

A

pituitary adenoma resection

octreotide (somatostatin analog)
pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

51
Q 
Acromegaly
Carcinoid
Gastrinoma
Glucagonoma
Esophageal Varices
A

Somatostatin (Octreotide)

52
Q

GH deficiency

Turner Syndrome

A

GH

53
Q

Uterine hemorrhage

A

Oxytocin

54
Q

Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus

A

ADH (DDAVP)

55
Q

SIADH

A

Demeclocycline (ADH antagonist) - member of the tetracycline family

56
Q

Addison Disease
Inflammation
Immune Suppression
Asthma

A

Glucocorticoids

57
Q

Aldosterone Secreting Adrenal Adenoma (Conn Syndrome)

A

surgery to remove the tumor and/or spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

58
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

1st treat with an irreversible alpha1-blocker

2nd treat with a beta blocker

59
Q

Thyroid Storm

A

The “3 P’s”

Beta blockers (Propanolol)
Prophylthiouracil
Corticosteroids (Prednisolone)

60
Q

Hemophilia A

A

recombinant factor VIII

61
Q

Acute Intermittent Porphyria

A

glucose and heme (which inhibit ALA synthase)

62
Q

Sideroblastic Anemia

A

pyridoxine (B6, cofactor for delta-ALA synthase)

63
Q

Sickle Cell Disease

A

hydroxyurea

bone marrow transplant

64
Q

Avian Influenza

A

Oseltamivir

65
Q

Swine Flu

A

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir (to high-risk or severely ill pts)

66
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A

ribavirin

palivizumab

67
Q

Bone marrow suppression from NRTIs

A

G-CSF and erythropoietin

68
Q

Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

69
Q

Amebiasis (caused by Entamoeba histolytica)

A

Metronidazole (for trophozoites)

Iodoquinol (for cysts)

70
Q

Crytpsporidium infection

A

Prevention is key!

Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts

71
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

72
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors

73
Q

African Sleeping Sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei)

A

Suramin (early)

Melarsoprol (CNS involvement)

74
Q

Chagas Disease

A

Benznidazole or Nifurtimox

75
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Visceral leishmaniasis - Amphotericin B

Cutaneous leishmaniasis - sodium stibogluconate

76
Q

P. vivax or P. ovale infection

A

Chloroquine and primaquine

77
Q

Chloroquine resistant malaria infection

A

quinine + doxycycline
atovaquone + proguanil
artemether + lumefantrine
mefloquine

78
Q

Babesiosis

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin (FA)

Quinine + clindamycin (DIT)

79
Q

Enterobius vermicularis infection

A

benzimidazoles

pyrantel pamoate

80
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant round worm)

A

benzimidazoles

pyrantel pamoate

81
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

benzimidazoles

82
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

ivermectin

83
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)

A

benzimidazoles

pyrantel pamoate

84
Q

Taenia solium (causes intestinal infection or cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis)

A

praziquantel or albendazole

85
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum infection

A

praziquantel

86
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

albendazole

surgeons pre inject with ethanol to kill cysts before removal

87
Q

Schistosoma

A

praziquantel

88
Q

Pediculosis capitis or pubis

A

Capitis - permethrin, pyrethrin, malathion, ivermectin, spinosad, benzyl EtOH

Pubis - permethrin, pyrethrin

89
Q

Scabies

A

permethrin 5% cream

ivermectin

Diseases and Treatments (3 decks)

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