Diseases and Treatments Flashcards by Robin Sautter

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome

Allopurinol (1st line)

Febuxostat

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Orotic Aciduria

uridine monophosphate to bypass mutated enzyme

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ADHD

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Amphetamines
Atomoxetine
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Dextroamphetamine (Adderall) - increased presynaptic release of NE

Behavioral Interventions (reinforcement, reward)

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Tourette Syndrome

Antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol)

Behavioral therapy

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Separation Anxiety Disorder

SSRIs

Relaxation techniques/behavioral interventions

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Hair-pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)

Education –> CBT –> fluoxetine or clomipramine

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Bulimia nervosa

SSRIs

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Anorexia nervosa

supportive therapy, CBT, counseling

**SSRIs do NOT typically work

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Narcolepsy

Daytime stimulants (e.g. amphetamines, modafinil)

Nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB)

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Delirium tremens (DTs) from alcohol withdrawal

benzodiazepines

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Alcoholism

Disulfiram
Naltrexone
Supportive care

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

IV thiamine

*Remember to give thiamine BEFORE glucose if hypoglycemic

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Benzodiazepine OD

supportive

consider flumazenil **can trigger seizures!

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Barbiturate OD

assist respiration

increase BP

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Opioid OD

naloxone

naltrexone

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Opioid W/D

long term support
methadone
buprenorphine

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Cocaine OD

benzodiazepines

haloperidol

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Tx for nicotine W/D

bupropion

varenicline

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PCP intoxication

*pupils are NORMAL
*note nystagmus

benzodiazepines

rapid acting antipsychotic

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Heroin addict

Methadone - long acting oral opiate –> used for heroin detoxification or long-term maintenance

Naloxone + Buprenorphine - partial agonist w/ fewer withdrawal Sx than methadone

Naltrexone - long acting antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified

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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Dantrolene

DA agonist

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Bipolar Disorder

lithium
valproic acid
carbamazepine
atypical antipsychotics

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Atypical Depression

MAOIs*

SSRIs

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Serotonin Syndrome

Cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist)

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Panic Disorder

CBT SSRIs venlafaxine benzodiazepines (not first choice)

Specific phobia

systematic desensitization

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

SSRIs | clomipramine

PTSD

psychotherapy | SSRIs

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

SSRIs SNRIs buspirone CBT

Hartnup Disease

high protein diet | nicotinic acid

Liddle Syndrome

Amiloride | Triamterene

Central Diabetes Insipidus

``` Intranasal DDAVP (ADH analog) Hydration ```

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

HCTZ* Indomethacin Amiloride Hydration

SIADH

``` fluid restriction IV hypertonic saline conivaptan tolvaptan demeclocycline (ADH antagonist) ```

Minimal Change Disease

corticosteroids

Recurrent calcium stones

thiazides and citrate

Ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stone

eradication of underlying infection and surgical removal of stone

uric acid kidney stone

alkalization of urine

cystine kidney stone

alkalization of urine and hydration

Fructose Intolerance

decrease intake of both fructose and sucrose (glucose and fructose)

Classic Galactosemia

exclude galactose and lactose from diet

Von Gierke Disease (Type I)

Deficiency in glucose - 6- phosphatase frequent oral glucose/cornstarch avoidance of fructose and galactose

McArdle Disease (Type V)

increase protein intake

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

low protein diet phenylbutyrate - binds glycine and glutmate to excrete benzoate biotin - stimulates OTC

`Hyperammonemia

Lactulose - acidifies the GI tract and traps NH4+ for excretion

Cystinuria

urinary alkalinization (e.g. potassium citrate, acetazolamide) and chelating agents to increase solubility of cystine stones good hydration

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

restriction of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in diet thiamine supplementation

Lead Poisoning

Dimercaprol and EDTA - first line Succimer for chelation in kids

Iron Poisoning

IV deferoxamine, oral deferasirox | dialysis

Acromegaly

pituitary adenoma resection octreotide (somatostatin analog) pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

``` Acromegaly Carcinoid Gastrinoma Glucagonoma Esophageal Varices ```

Somatostatin (Octreotide)

GH deficiency | Turner Syndrome

Uterine hemorrhage

Oxytocin

Pituitary Diabetes Insipidus

ADH (DDAVP)

SIADH

Demeclocycline (ADH antagonist) - member of the tetracycline family

Addison Disease Inflammation Immune Suppression Asthma

Glucocorticoids

Aldosterone Secreting Adrenal Adenoma (Conn Syndrome)

surgery to remove the tumor and/or spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

Pheochromocytoma

1st treat with an irreversible alpha1-blocker 2nd treat with a beta blocker

Thyroid Storm

The "3 P's" Beta blockers (Propanolol) Prophylthiouracil Corticosteroids (Prednisolone)

Hemophilia A

recombinant factor VIII

Acute Intermittent Porphyria

glucose and heme (which inhibit ALA synthase)

Sideroblastic Anemia

pyridoxine (B6, cofactor for delta-ALA synthase)

Sickle Cell Disease

hydroxyurea | bone marrow transplant

Avian Influenza

Oseltamivir

Swine Flu

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir (to high-risk or severely ill pts)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

ribavirin | palivizumab

Bone marrow suppression from NRTIs

G-CSF and erythropoietin

Giardiasis

Metronidazole

Amebiasis (caused by Entamoeba histolytica)

Metronidazole (for trophozoites) | Iodoquinol (for cysts)

Crytpsporidium infection

Prevention is key! Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts

Toxoplasmosis

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Naegleria fowleri

Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors

African Sleeping Sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei)

Suramin (early) | Melarsoprol (CNS involvement)

Chagas Disease

Benznidazole or Nifurtimox

Leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis - Amphotericin B Cutaneous leishmaniasis - sodium stibogluconate

P. vivax or P. ovale infection

Chloroquine and primaquine

Chloroquine resistant malaria infection

quinine + doxycycline atovaquone + proguanil artemether + lumefantrine mefloquine

Babesiosis

Atovaquone + Azithromycin (FA) | Quinine + clindamycin (DIT)

Enterobius vermicularis infection

benzimidazoles | pyrantel pamoate

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant round worm)

benzimidazoles | pyrantel pamoate

Trichinella spiralis

benzimidazoles

Strongyloides stercoralis

ivermectin

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)

benzimidazoles | pyrantel pamoate

Taenia solium (causes intestinal infection or cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis)

praziquantel or albendazole

Diphyllobothrium latum infection

praziquantel

Echinococcus granulosus

albendazole surgeons pre inject with ethanol to kill cysts before removal

Schistosoma

praziquantel

Pediculosis capitis or pubis

Capitis - permethrin, pyrethrin, malathion, ivermectin, spinosad, benzyl EtOH Pubis - permethrin, pyrethrin

Scabies

permethrin 5% cream | ivermectin

Diseases and Treatments Flashcards

(89 cards)