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Unit 3 HDC > Diseases and their drugs > Flashcards

Diseases and their drugs Flashcards

1
Q

B-lactam/B-lactamase inhibitor combos

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Ampicillin + Sulbactam

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2
Q

Actinomyces Israelii medication

A

Penicillins, Carbapenems, Macrolides, Cephalosporins

Bactericidal - binds to PCP binding protein to stop crosslinking of NAG/NAM

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3
Q

Strep Pyogenes medication

A

Penicillin V or amoxicillin

Cephalosporin or macrolide for PCN allergy

IV PCN + clindamycin for systemic infection

Bactericidal - binds to PCP binding protein to stop crosslinking of NAG/NAM

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4
Q

Rickettsia Rickettsia medication

A

Tetracyclines

Bacteriostatic - Binds to 30S subunit - blocks exit tunnel to inhibit elongation

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5
Q

Borrelia Burgodorferia medication

A

Doxycycline

Bacteriostatic - Binds to 30S subunit - blocks exit tunnel to inhibit elongation

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6
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate

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7
Q

Strep pneumoniae

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate

Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone

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8
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Less severe: amoxicillin

More severe: cephalosporins

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9
Q

Influenza A/B

A

Oseltamavir - Neuraminidase Inhibitor - prevents NA from releasing virus from cell

Amantadine - uncoating inhibitor - prevents uncoating of virus

Baloxavir - prevents 5’ cap transfer - can only be used within 48 hrs of symptom onset

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10
Q

Rabies virus

A

PEP or PrEP vaccine - human rabies immunoglobulin

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11
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Ciprofloxicin - inhibits bacterial topoisomerase II and IV - prevents replication and transcription of DNA - bactericidal (Floroquinolone)

Doxycycline - binds to 30s subunit - bacteriostatic

Linezolid - binds 50s subunit - prevents protein synthesis

Meropenam - binds to PBP to prevent cell wall synthesis - bactericidal

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12
Q

Bordatella pertussis

A

DTaP vaccine

Macrolides - binds to 50s subunit to prevent elongation of peptide chain

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13
Q

Measles

A

Vitamin A - increase function of T cells

can give antivirals

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14
Q

Varicella Zoster

A

Antiviral drugs - acycolvir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

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15
Q

SARS-CoV-2

A

Antivirals - Remdesivir - adenoside nucleotide analogue –> inhibition of RNA replicase –> decreased viral replication

Corticosteroids - Dexamethasone

IL6 pathway inhibitor - Tocilizumab - monoclonal antibody against IL6 receptor

JAK inhibitor - Baricitinib

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16
Q

RSV

A

Severe disease - Ribavirin - guanosine analog

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17
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria antitoxin - neutralizes endotoxin before entering cell

Penicillin - binds to PBP - or Erythromycin - binds to 50S subunit

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18
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

LTBI
Rifamipin - inhibits translation by inactivating RNA polymerase
INH (Isoniazid) - blocks mycolic acid synthesis - can’t make cell wall

TB Disease - RIPE for 2 months, RI for 4 months
Rifamipin
INH
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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19
Q

Aspergillus Fumigatus

A

Less serious: Voriconazole - inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 –> inhibits final step to convert lanosterol to ergosterol

Echinocandins - inhibits synthesis of B-1,3-glucan –> disruption of cell wall synthesis

More serious: Amphotericin B - binds to ergosterol and alters permeability of cell by forming pores in membrane

20
Q

Seasonal Allergies

A

Antihistamines - Histamine receptor Agonists - inverse agonists that compete with histamine binding (H1) for opposite effect

Nasal steroids - glucocorticoid spray

Decongestants - Afrin or Sudafed - both cause vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa

21
Q

Pneumocystis jjrovecii

A

TMP-SMX - inhibitions of PABA to DHF and DHF to THF

22
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Mild: azoles - prevents final step of coverting lanosterol to ergosterol

Systemic: Amphotericin B

23
Q

Candida Albicans

A

Mild: fluconazole - prevents final step of coverting lanosterol to ergosterol

Echinocandins - inhibits synthesis of B-1,3-glucan –> disruption of cell wall synthesis

Systemic: Amphotericin B

24
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine - taken up by fungal cells via cytosine permease –> converted to 5-FU –> then to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and dUTP –> inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

Maintainance with Fluconazole

25
Q

HIV

A

HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy

NNRTI - ‘vir’ in the middle - delaviridine, efavirenz, nevirapine
NRTI - abacavir, emtricitabine, tenofovir
INI - ends in ‘gravir’ - dolutegravir
PI - ends in ‘vir’ - atazanavir, indinavir, nelfinavir
EI - maraviroc - CCR5 entry inhibitor - prevents binding of gp120

26
Q

Plasmodium (Malaria)

A

All - Quinine
Uncomplicated - Chloroquine
Vivax and Ovale - Primaquine - kills dormant parasites in liver
Falciparum - Amodiaquine, Piperquine, Artesunate
Schizonts - Atovaquone-Proguanil - disrupts ETC

27
Q

Babesia

A

Atovaquone and Azythromycin

28
Q

T. brucei

A

Gambiense (West Africa) - early - Fexinidazole - late - Eflornithine, Melarsoprol
Rhodesiense (East Africa) - early - Suramin - late - Melarsoprol

29
Q

T. cruzi (Chagas)

A

Nifurtimox

30
Q

Yersinia Pestis

A

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin) with tetracycline

The plague

31
Q

Avoid giving NSAIDs or aspirin to pts with these diseases

A

CHIKV, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Dengue

Risk of hemorrage high for these pts - blood thinners increase the risk

More versions exposed to –> higher risk of hemorrhagic fever –> IgE response causes Type I hypersensitivity reaction

32
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Cutaneous - local treatment - fluconazole
Complicated - amphotericin B

Visceral - Amphotericin B, Sodium stibuogluconate - inhibits ADP phosphorylation, DNA topoisomerase I

33
Q

Francisella Tularensis

A

Gentamicin - aminoglycoside - binds to 30S subunit - inhibits translation and translocation - causes miscoded polypeptides

Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin for mild

34
Q

Bartonella spp

A

B. henselase - Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

B. quintana - erthromycin, doxycycline, azithromycin

Macrolides- 50S subunit, prevents elongation

35
Q

Giardia spp

A

Metronidazole - binds to proteins and DNA of the flagellate - or nitazoxanide

36
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones - inhibit tpopisomerase II and IV –> prevents replication and transcription

37
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Eryhtromycin, Doxycyline, Newer Fluoroquinolones

38
Q

First generation Antihistamines

A

Promethazine
Diphenhydramine

39
Q

Second generation Antihistamines

A

Cetirizine
Loratadine

40
Q

TMP-SMX is associated with delayed hypersensitivity reactions due to what factor?

A

Sulfa

41
Q

Red man syndrome is caused by

A

Vancomycin - causes direct release of histamines from mast cells

42
Q

Methotrexate

A

DMARD

Blocks dihydrofolate reductase –> decrease DNA synthesis –> decrease lymphocyte proliferation

43
Q

What is typically given with Methotrexate and why

A

Folic Acid - mitigates side effects

44
Q

Methotrexate rescue drug

A

Leucovorin

45
Q

How is hydroxychloriquine useful in the management of autoimmune disease

A

Inhibits locomotion of neutrophils and chemotaxis of eosinophils - imapired complement-dependent antibody reactions

Stops antigen presentation on APCs

46
Q

Distinguish the mechanism of tocilizumabfrom that of etanercept or adalimumab

A

Tocilizumab - Binds to IL6 receptors to inhibit IL6 mediated signaling

Etanercept/adalimumab - IgG anti-TNF anyibody complexes w TNF and prevents interactions with TNF receptors –> downregulates macrophages and T cell function

47
Q

How does Mycophenolate work

A

Blocks inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase –> inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and B/T cell function

Unit 3 HDC (8 decks)

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