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HOSA medical Terminology 2019 > Diseases And Disorders > Flashcards

Diseases And Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both digestive and respected systems

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2
Q

Down syndrome

A

Genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, development delays, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
-caused by a 3rd copy of the 21st chromesome (trisomy 21)

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3
Q

Trisomy 21

A

A third copy of the 21 chromosome- cause of Down Syndrome

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4
Q

Hemophilia

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which the blood clotting factor is missing

  • blood coagulation disorder
  • hemorrhages and severe bleeding
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5
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

Genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear midlife
- results in uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities

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6
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

A group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement

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7
Q

-trophy

A

Condition of nutrition or growth

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8
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Genetic disorder where an essential digestive enzyme is missing

  • with dietary supervision, it can be suppressed
  • without detection or treatment, causes severe intellectual disability
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9
Q

Addison’s disease

A

A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone

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10
Q

Apgar score

A

An evaluation of an infants physical status

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11
Q

Bakers cyst

A

A fluid filled sac behind the knee that usually results from a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis triggering the production of excess synovial fluid

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12
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

A condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

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13
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis on only the affected side of the face

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14
Q

Braxton Hicks contraction

A

Intermittent painless uterine contractions that are not true labor pains

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15
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

An irregular pattern on breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea

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16
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long term care facilities

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17
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

A fracture at the lower end of the radius that occurs when a person tries to break their fall by landing on their hands

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18
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

A disorder of the adrenal glands caused Byrne excessive production of aldosterone

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19
Q

Coumadin

A

The brand name for warfarin, an anticoagulant administered to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger

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20
Q

C-reactive protein

A

A blood these that detects high levels of inflammation within the body

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21
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and colon

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22
Q

Croup

A

An acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in barking cough and stridor

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23
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to cortisol

24
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

A life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

25
Q

Dementia

A

A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory thinking, and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes

26
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

A condition caused by insufficient production of the anti diuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone

27
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the body’s production of insulin (type 1) or its ability to use it properly (type 2)

28
Q

Dialysis

A

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of the patients whose kidneys no longer function

29
Q

Digitalis

A

Medication that strengthens the heart muscle contractions, slows the heart rate, and helps eliminate fluid from body tissues

30
Q

Diphtheria

A

An acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract

31
Q

E. Coli

A

Infection caused by bacteria transmitted through improperly cooked, contaminated foods

32
Q

ELISA

A

the acronym for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, a blood test that is used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies

33
Q

Fibrocystic breast disease

A

The presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts

34
Q

Foley catheter

A

Most common type of in dwelling catheter

35
Q

Gamma knife surgery

A

A type of radiation treatment for brain tumors

36
Q

Gangrene

A

Tissue death caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues

37
Q

Glaucoma

A

Intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers

38
Q

Goiter

A

An abnormal, benign enlargement of the thyroid gland

39
Q

Gonorrhea

A

A highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by the barcterium

40
Q

Gout

A

A type of arthritis characterized by depositors of uric acid crystals in the joints

41
Q

Graves’ disease

A

An autoimmune disorder in which the immune system stimulates the thyroid to make excessive amounts of the thyroid hormone

42
Q

Guillain- Barré syndrom

A

Inflammation of the Muslims sheath of the peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis

43
Q

Hashimotos disease

A

An autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

44
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

A pregnancy complication characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count

45
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkins lymphoma by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

46
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

A cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin; in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat; or in other organs

47
Q

Kegel exercises

A

A series of pelvic muscle exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor

48
Q

Lyme disease

A

A bacterial infection caused by a spirochete belonging to genus Borrelia burgdorferi- transmitted to humans by bite of an infected black legged tick

49
Q

Ménière’s disease

A

A rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, causing vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus

50
Q

Mohs surgery

A

A technique used to treat various types of skin cancer by removing layers of cancerous tissue until a healthy margin is achieved

51
Q

Myxedema

A

A severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion

52
Q

Paget’s disease

A

A chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

53
Q

Pertussis

A

A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough

54
Q

Peyronie’s disease

A

A form of sexual distinction in which the penis is bent or curved

55
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

A potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin

HOSA medical Terminology 2019 (4 decks)

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