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Endocrine System > Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Giantism

A

Caused by hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) in early years of development

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2
Q

Dwarfism

A

Caused by hyposecretion of Growth Hormone (GH), normal body proportions but smaller overall size

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3
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

Hypersecretion of cortisol. Symptoms include moon face, hump back, elevated glucose, and frequent infections.

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4
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, can be life threatening. Symptoms include muscle weakness, reduced blood sugar, nausea, and weight loss.

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5
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Disease of pituitary gland-abnormal metabolism of salt and water. Hyposecretion of ADH. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent and large volume of urine.

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6
Q

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

A

(Juvenile Diabetes) Pancreas produces little or no insulin. Symptoms include elevated blood sugar, increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, irritability, mood changes, fatigue, and weakness. (Treatment includes insulin injections).

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7
Q

Type II Diabetes

A

Enough insulin being produced, but insulin receptors malfunction. Symptoms include elevated blood sugar, increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, irritability, mood changes, fatigue, and weakness. (Treatment includes oral medications and changes to diet, though sometimes may require insulin injections.

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8
Q

Goiter

A

Often due to lack of iodine in diet. Symptoms include enlarged thyroid.

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9
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Antibodies attack thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism. Overproduction of thyroid hormone. Symptoms include exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, insomnia, weight loss, anxiety, and muscle weakness.

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10
Q

Cretinism

A

Congenital hypothyroidism secondary to absence or malformation of thyroid. Symptoms include weakness, weight gain, fatigue, mental retardation, and hypothermia. (Treatment includes thyroid hormone replacement).

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11
Q

Myxedema

A

Hypothyroidism-not enough production of thyroid hormone. Most common in females over 50. Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, weight gain, depression, and puffy hands and feet.

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12
Q

Acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of extremities

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13
Q

Galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk

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14
Q

Thyroptosis

A

drooping of the thyroid gland

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15
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

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16
Q

Pancretalgia

A

pain in the pancreas

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17
Q

Polydipsia`

A

excessive thirst

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18
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

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19
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urine production

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20
Q

Adrenal Virilism

A

development of male secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, facial hair) due to oversecretion of the adrenal gland

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21
Q

Adrenarche

A

onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

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22
Q

Hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

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23
Q

Hypogonadism

A

undersecretion of the sex hormones

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24
Q

Hypergonadism

A

oversecretion of the sex hormones

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25
Q

Gynecomastia

A

breast development in males

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26
Q

Amenorrhea

A

lack of menstruation

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27
Q

Menarche

A

beginning of menstruation (first menstruation)

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28
Q

Thelarche

A

onset of breast development

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29
Q

Euglycemia

A

normal blood sugar

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30
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

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31
Q

Cholremia

A

elevated blood levels of chloride

32
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

elevated blood levels of calcium

33
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

elevated blood levels of potassium

34
Q

Hypernatremia

A

elevated blood levels of sodium

35
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

elevated levels of phosphate

36
Q

Calciuria

A

calcium in the urine

37
Q

Glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

38
Q

Ketonuria

A

ketones in the urine

39
Q

Acidemia

A

abnormal acidity of blood

40
Q

Alkalemia

A

abnormal alkalinity of blood

41
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

elevated cholesterol in the blood

42
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

elevated fat in the blood

43
Q

Uremia

A

urinary waste in the blood

44
Q

Adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

45
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of a gland

46
Q

Adenoma

A

tumor of a gland

47
Q

Adenopathy

A

disease of a gland

48
Q

Polyadenopathy

A

disease of many glands

49
Q

Adenosis

A

condition of a gland

50
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

overfunctioning of pituitary gland

51
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

underfunctioning of pituitary gland

52
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

53
Q

Hypophysitis

A

inflammation of the pituitary gland

54
Q

Pituitary Adenoma

A

tumor on the pituitary gland

55
Q

Pituitary Infarction

A

death of the pituitary gland

56
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

overproduction of the thyroid

57
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

underproduction of the thyroid

58
Q

Thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid

59
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

condition caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone

60
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

overproduction by the parathyroid glands

61
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

underproduction by the parathyroid glands

62
Q

Parathyroidoma

A

tumor of the parathyroid gland

63
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

64
Q

Pancreatolithiasis

A

condition which causes formation of stones in the pancreas

65
Q

Pancreatolith

A

stone in the pancreas

66
Q

Pancreatic Pseudocyst

A

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

67
Q

Diabetes Ketoacidosis

A

production of ketones due to the fact that the body is unable to use sugar

68
Q

Adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal gland

69
Q

Adrenal Adenoma

A

tumor of the adrenal gland

70
Q

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the adrenal gland

71
Q

Adrenal Insufficiency

A

adrenal gland does not produce enough of its hormone(s)

72
Q

Adrenocortical Insufficiency

A

the adrenal cortex underproduces its hormone(s)

73
Q

Adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland

74
Q

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

adrenal gland is overdeveloped; this disease is related to a genetic condition; may cause oversecretion and/or undersecretion of hormones

75
Q

Dysmetabolic Syndrome

A

faulty metabolism

76
Q

Ketosis

A

condition of producing ketone bodies

77
Q

Thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus

Endocrine System (5 decks)

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