Diseases and Disorders

Question 1

Giantism

Answer 1

Caused by hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) in early years of development

Question 2

Dwarfism

Answer 2

Caused by hyposecretion of Growth Hormone (GH), normal body proportions but smaller overall size

Question 3

Cushing’s Disease

Answer 3

Hypersecretion of cortisol. Symptoms include moon face, hump back, elevated glucose, and frequent infections.

Question 4

Addison’s Disease

Answer 4

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, can be life threatening. Symptoms include muscle weakness, reduced blood sugar, nausea, and weight loss.

Question 5

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 5

Disease of pituitary gland-abnormal metabolism of salt and water. Hyposecretion of ADH. Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent and large volume of urine.

Question 6

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 6

(Juvenile Diabetes) Pancreas produces little or no insulin. Symptoms include elevated blood sugar, increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, irritability, mood changes, fatigue, and weakness. (Treatment includes insulin injections).

Question 7

Type II Diabetes

Answer 7

Enough insulin being produced, but insulin receptors malfunction. Symptoms include elevated blood sugar, increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss, irritability, mood changes, fatigue, and weakness. (Treatment includes oral medications and changes to diet, though sometimes may require insulin injections.

Question 8

Goiter

Answer 8

Often due to lack of iodine in diet. Symptoms include enlarged thyroid.

Question 9

Grave’s Disease

Answer 9

Antibodies attack thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism. Overproduction of thyroid hormone. Symptoms include exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, insomnia, weight loss, anxiety, and muscle weakness.

Question 10

Cretinism

Answer 10

Congenital hypothyroidism secondary to absence or malformation of thyroid. Symptoms include weakness, weight gain, fatigue, mental retardation, and hypothermia. (Treatment includes thyroid hormone replacement).

Question 11

Myxedema

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism-not enough production of thyroid hormone. Most common in females over 50. Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, weight gain, depression, and puffy hands and feet.

Question 12

Acromegaly

Answer 12

abnormal enlargement of extremities

Question 13

Galactorrhea

Answer 13

discharge of milk

Question 14

Thyroptosis

Answer 14

drooping of the thyroid gland

Question 15

Hypoglycemia

Answer 15

low blood sugar

Question 16

Pancretalgia

Answer 16

pain in the pancreas

Question 17

Polydipsia`

Answer 17

excessive thirst

Question 18

Polyphagia

Answer 18

excessive hunger

Question 19

Polyuria

Answer 19

excessive urine production

Question 20

Adrenal Virilism

Answer 20

development of male secondary sex characteristics (deep voice, facial hair) due to oversecretion of the adrenal gland

Question 21

Adrenarche

Answer 21

onset of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

Question 22

Hirsutism

Answer 22

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

Question 23

Hypogonadism

Answer 23

undersecretion of the sex hormones

Question 24

Hypergonadism

Answer 24

oversecretion of the sex hormones

Question 25

Gynecomastia

Answer 25

breast development in males

Question 26

Amenorrhea

Answer 26

lack of menstruation

Question 27

Menarche

Answer 27

beginning of menstruation (first menstruation)

Question 28

Thelarche

Answer 28

onset of breast development

Question 29

Euglycemia

Answer 29

normal blood sugar

Question 30

Hyperglycemia

Answer 30

high blood sugar

Question 31

Cholremia

Answer 31

elevated blood levels of chloride

Question 32

Hypercalcemia

Answer 32

elevated blood levels of calcium

Question 33

Hyperkalemia

Answer 33

elevated blood levels of potassium

Question 34

Hypernatremia

Answer 34

elevated blood levels of sodium

Question 35

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 35

elevated levels of phosphate

Question 36

Calciuria

Answer 36

calcium in the urine

Question 37

Glucosuria

Answer 37

sugar in the urine

Question 38

Ketonuria

Answer 38

ketones in the urine

Question 39

Acidemia

Answer 39

abnormal acidity of blood

Question 40

Alkalemia

Answer 40

abnormal alkalinity of blood

Question 41

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 41

elevated cholesterol in the blood

Question 42

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 42

elevated fat in the blood

Question 43

Uremia

Answer 43

urinary waste in the blood

Question 44

Adenitis

Answer 44

inflammation of a gland

Question 45

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 45

cancerous tumor of a gland

Question 46

Adenoma

Answer 46

tumor of a gland

Question 47

Adenopathy

Answer 47

disease of a gland

Question 48

Polyadenopathy

Answer 48

disease of many glands

Question 49

Adenosis

Answer 49

condition of a gland

Question 50

Hyperpituitarism

Answer 50

overfunctioning of pituitary gland

Question 51

Hypopituitarism

Answer 51

underfunctioning of pituitary gland

Question 52

Panhypopituitarism

Answer 52

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

Question 53

Hypophysitis

Answer 53

inflammation of the pituitary gland

Question 54

Pituitary Adenoma

Answer 54

tumor on the pituitary gland

Question 55

Pituitary Infarction

Answer 55

death of the pituitary gland

Question 56

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 56

overproduction of the thyroid

Question 57

Hypothyroidism

Answer 57

underproduction of the thyroid

Question 58

Thyroiditis

Answer 58

inflammation of the thyroid

Question 59

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 59

condition caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone

Question 60

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 60

overproduction by the parathyroid glands

Question 61

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 61

underproduction by the parathyroid glands

Question 62

Parathyroidoma

Answer 62

tumor of the parathyroid gland

Question 63

Pancreatitis

Answer 63

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 64

Pancreatolithiasis

Answer 64

condition which causes formation of stones in the pancreas

Question 65

Pancreatolith

Answer 65

stone in the pancreas

Question 66

Pancreatic Pseudocyst

Answer 66

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

Question 67

Diabetes Ketoacidosis

Answer 67

production of ketones due to the fact that the body is unable to use sugar

Question 68

Adrenalitis

Answer 68

inflammation of the adrenal gland

Question 69

Adrenal Adenoma

Answer 69

tumor of the adrenal gland

Question 70

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Answer 70

cancerous tumor of the adrenal gland

Question 71

Adrenal Insufficiency

Answer 71

adrenal gland does not produce enough of its hormone(s)

Question 72

Adrenocortical Insufficiency

Answer 72

the adrenal cortex underproduces its hormone(s)

Question 73

Adrenocorticohyperplasia

Answer 73

overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland

Question 74

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Answer 74

adrenal gland is overdeveloped; this disease is related to a genetic condition; may cause oversecretion and/or undersecretion of hormones

Question 75

Dysmetabolic Syndrome

Answer 75

faulty metabolism

Question 76

Ketosis

Answer 76

condition of producing ketone bodies

Question 77

Thymoma

Answer 77

tumor of the thymus