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Viticulture > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How does phylloxera kill vines?

A

It feeds on the roots, which then allows pathogens that live in the soil an entryway. It’s infection by pathogens that kills the vines.

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2
Q

What rootstock was famously thought to be phylloxera resistant but wasnt?

A

AXR1

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3
Q

Name two parasites that feed on roots.

A

Phylloxera vastatrix

Nematodes

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4
Q

What spreads fanleaf virus?

A

a nematode called Xiphinema index, aka dagger nematode

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5
Q

How can soils with nematodes be treated?

A
  • Leaving the soils fallow for several year
  • certain rootstocks are resistant
  • mustard as a cover crop is believed to be helpful
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6
Q

What vectors leafroll virus?

A

Mealybugs

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7
Q

Name two insects that damage the fruit directly.

A

Suzukii fruit fly

European grapevine moth

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8
Q

Name three vine maladies native to N America

A

Phylloxera vastatrix
Powdery mildew
Downy mildew

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9
Q

What is Oidium?

A

Powdery mildew

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10
Q

What is Erysiphe necator?

A

powdery mildew/oidium

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11
Q

What is the most critical time to control oidium/powdery mildew?

A

Bud break and flowering because infection can spread quickly on immature plant tissue

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12
Q

What is Plasmopara viticola?

A

Downy mildew

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13
Q

What is downy mildew often called in Europe?

A

Peronospora

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14
Q

How is powdery mildew spread? And Downy?

A

Powdery mildew spores are carried by wind.

Downy mildew is carried by water (more often seen in places that get summer rain)

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15
Q

What is Bordeaux misxture and what does it treat?

A

Copper and sulfur, sprayed to treat both powdery and downy mildew

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16
Q

Name two kinds of bunch rot.

A

Botrytis

Sour rot

17
Q

What is the ideal weather pattern for botrytis?

A

Rainy spring, 65-75ºF
Rain near harvest
Dry conditions during harvest to prevent secondary infection.

18
Q

Name three trunk diseases

A

Esca
Eutypa Dieback
Botryosphaeria

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Esca?

A

Tiger-striped leaves and black measles on the berries

20
Q

How do trunk diseases spread?

A

They enter the vine through pruning wounds, dirty pruning tools

21
Q

What causes black rot?

A

Guignardia bidwellii

22
Q

What causes Pierce’s disease?

A

Xylella fastidiosa bacteria

23
Q

How does Pierce’s disease harm vines?

A

infects the xylem of the vines, preventing the transport of water.

24
Q

Why is Pierce’s disease more common in California than Europe?

A

in part at least because of Europe’s colder winters

25
Q

Name a phytoplasmic disease

A

Flavescence dorée

26
Q

How does Flavescence doree harm the vine?

A

A type of bacteria that infects the plant’s phloem, which transports sucrose and amino acids from the leaves to the rest of the plant

27
Q

What are signs of Flavescence doree?

A 
aka "grapevine yellows"
Delayed, abnormal shoot growth
discolored leaves that curl downward
dehydrated berries
green, unlignified shoots in the fall
28
Q

What spreads Flavescence doree and other phytoplasmic diseases?

A

Leafhoppers

29
Q

Name three bacterial diseases

A

Pierce’s disease
Crown gall
Bacterial blight

30
Q

How does crown gall spread?

A

Usually in the nursery during grafting

31
Q

Name three viral diseases

A

Leafroll virus
Fanleaf virus
Red Blotch disease

32
Q

What are the symptoms of leafroll virus?

A

Leaves roll downward
Red varieties leaves turn red, white leaves turn yellow
Significantly lower yields
Delayed maturation

33
Q

What spreads leafroll virus? What is used to stop it?

A

Mealybugs
Sexual confusion
Removed infected vines

34
Q

What are the symptoms of fanleaf virus?

A

Asymmetric leaves
yellow mosaic pattern on the leaf
Millerandage
Reduced yield and quality

35
Q

What spreads fanleaf virus?

A

Usually introduced by infected rootstock and then spread by nematodes, which are very hard to get rid of. Nematode resistant rootstock can be used,

Viticulture (3 decks)

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