Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Psychiatry > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is involved in the appearance and behaviour part of the MSE?

A
  • Age, gender and race
  • Grooming
  • Clothing
  • Posture
  • Gait and odd movements
  • Evidence of injuries and illness
  • Smell
  • Eye contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is involved in the speech part of the MSE?

A
  • Rate
  • Amount
  • Tone variation
  • Volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is involved in the mood and affect part of the MSE?

A
  • how the patient is feeling today is mood
  • Affect is the doctor’s assessment including how it varies and if this is appropriate
  • Affect can be blunted and level or unreactive and low
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in the cognitive function part of the MSE?

A
  • Orientation to time, place and person
  • Concentration
  • Memory
  • Attention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is involved in the insight part of the MSE?

A
  • Recognition of being unwell
  • Need for treatment
  • Cause of being unwell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is involved in the perception part of the MSE?

A
  • Hallucinations: auditory, visual, taste, touch etc
  • Second person and third person
  • Mood congruent or mood incongruent
  • Voices in heads or through their ears
  • Illusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an illusion?

A

your brain thinks something is something else for a short time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is involved in the thoughts part of the MSE?

A
  • Control
  • Content
  • Flow: circumstantial, tangential or complete thought block
  • Form
  • Delusion
  • Obsession
  • Speed or lack/excess of thought
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the MSE?

A

technical description on the behaviour at the time of consultation not a history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the parts of the MSE?

A
  • Appearance and behaviour
  • Speech
  • Mood and affect
  • Cognitive function
  • Insight
  • Perception
  • Thoughts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some extra important aspects of the social history in psychiatry?

A
  • childhood, upbringing, school, abuse in the house, mother pregnancy and substance misuse
  • bullying, interaction with friends, social development
  • ACEs
  • sexual and friend relationships
  • marital history, family relationships
  • substance misuse, history with police, prison stays, types of crime, history of violence and possession of weapons
  • occupation
  • self-harm
  • general social behaviours
  • religion and beliefs
  • sleep, mood and appetite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is psychosis?

A

mental disorder in which thoughts and ability to recognise reality is impaired and there is an inability to cope with reality or function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

overlap between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some psychotic symptoms?

A
  • hallucination
  • ideas of reference
  • delusions
  • formal thought disorder
  • thought interference
  • passivity phenomena
  • loss of insight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are ideas of reference?

A

innocuous and coincidental events that are ascribed significant meaning by a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is paranoia?

A
  • ideas about the person themselves that can be positive or negative
  • can be persecutory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are primary vs secondary delusions?

A
  • Primary= arrive fully formed in the brain without need for explanation
  • Secondary= attempts to explain other psychotic experiences eg hallucinations or thought insertions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the pathological thought issues?

A

though insertion, withdrawal, broadcasting or blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the passivity phenomena?

A
  • passivity of volition = made actions
  • passivity of affect = made feelings
  • passivity of impulse = made urges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Type 1 trauma?

A

single incident trauma which is sudden and unexpected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Type 2 trauma?

A

ongoing repetitive trauma such as abuse which is more likely to cause PTSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the fight or flight reactions come from in the body?

A

PAG and ventral tegmental area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the difference in bodily reactions for when a threat is inescapable compared to if it is distant?

A
  • inescapable=tonic immobility

- distant=freezing can be voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to the activity in the brain when the body is under threat?

A

shifts from the cortex to the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens in the brain when a person accesses traumatic memories?

A

deactivation of Broca’s area so it is hard to put things into words

26
Q

What is a normal acute reaction to trauma?

A
  • fear
  • numbness
  • anger
  • guilt
  • impaired sleep
  • avoidance
  • intrusive experiences
  • hypervigilance
27
Q

What are some psychological reactions after trauma?

A
  • acute stress disorder
  • PTSD
  • depression
  • panic attacks
28
Q

What is the measurement for 1 unit of alcohol?

A

10ml of pure alcohol

29
Q

What is hazardous drinking?

A

drinking over 14 units per week and is enough to increase someone’s risk of harm

30
Q

What is harmful drinking?

A

causes mental/ physical damage (>35u for w, >50u for m)

31
Q

What are the criteria for alcohol dependence?

A

3 of 6:

  • Strong desire to take substance
  • Difficult controlling onset, termination and level of use
  • Physiological withdrawal
  • Tolerance
  • Neglect of other pleasures or interest because of substance
  • Persistence despite evidence of harm
32
Q

What is the COWS scale?

A

opiate withdrawal scale which involves a lot of physical symptoms

33
Q

What is substitute prescribing in opiate misuse?

A

deliberate prescribing of drugs in a controlled manner to introduce some order and control into their lifestyle

34
Q

What is the process of controlled reduction in substance?

A
  • induction: starting treatment
  • optimization: find right dose to eliminate illicit use on top of prescription
  • maintenance: keep dose steady
  • reduction
35
Q

What is the action of methadone?

A

Mu receptor agonist with a long half life that is metabolised in the liver

36
Q

What is Buprenorphine?

A

Mu receptor partial agonist which comes as sublingual tablets

37
Q

What are the negative effects of Methadone?

A
  • long QT so isn’t given if patient has heart issues
  • sedation
  • can’t be combined with certain other drugs as it is metabolised in the liver
  • drugs diversion risk so dispensing is supervised
38
Q

What is associative learning?

A

making connections between a certain object or stumuls and the reward of the substance

39
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

positive feeling so this increases frequency of behaviour

40
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

substance takes away a negative feeling so increases frequency of behaviour

41
Q

What are the roles of attention and memory bias in opiate use?

A
  • paying more attention to things associated to their substance
  • remembering only the good parts
42
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

remembering things that have happened to you

43
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

remembering facts

44
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

implicit memory that is used unconsciously

45
Q

What are the most common physical diseases to have associated depression?

A

post-stroke depression and post-MI depression

46
Q

Want are the types of long-term memory?

A
  • explicit which is conscious (including declarative which can be episodic or semantic)
  • implicit which is unconscious (including procedural which is skills and tasks)
47
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

difficulty acquiring new material and remembering events since onset of illness or injury

48
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

difficulty in remembering information prior to the onset of the illness or injury

49
Q

What are the yearly peaks and troughs of suicide?

A

spring peak

autumn trough

50
Q

What is the biological difference in the brains of those who die by suicide?

A
  • abnormalities in serotonin functioning

- severity of changes are proportional to the violence of the method of suicide

51
Q

What can childhood sexual abuse cause in the brain?

A

change the HPA axis which increases risk of self-harm

52
Q

What increases and decreases suicide risk?

A
  • lithium decreases

- smoking increases

53
Q

What is the difference in males vs females in terms of suicide and self-harm?

A
  • males die by suicide more

- females self-harm more

54
Q

What is passive death wish?

A

patient wouldn’t mind dying but wouldn’t initiate anything

55
Q

What are the reversible causes of cognitive impairment?

A
  • medication eg tramadol/steroids/amitriptyline
  • delirium
  • thyroid/other endocrine disorders
  • depression
  • brain lesions
  • neuroinfections/inflammation
56
Q

What is mild cognitive impairment?

A

decline due to age but is not affecting them enough to be a dementia

57
Q

What is subjective cognitive impairment?

A
  • people believing they are impaired but cognitive testing and daily function are normal which can be associated with anxiety, depression or stress
  • usually have close relation with dementia
  • vicious cycle of anxiety about memory loss
58
Q

When is CT used for memory issues?

A

for most unless patient has Alzheimer’s presentation and is over 80

59
Q

When is MRI used for memory issues?

A

young, fast progression or other atypical things

60
Q

When is SPECT used for memory issues?

A

frontotemporal dementia or clarifying Alzheimers

61
Q

When is DAT used for memory issues?

A

DLB/DPD when there isn’t enough clinically to make a diagnosis

My Psychiatry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions