Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium Difficile

A

Bacteria that can cause swelling and irritation of the large intestine, or colon. This inflammation, known as colitis, can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.

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2
Q

Define cancer

A

“Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells”

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3
Q

What are some risk factors for melanoma?

A
Positive family history
prior melanoma
Multiple of unusual moles
Fair complexion
Excessive sun or tanning booth exposure
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4
Q

Warning signs for skin cancer mnemonic

A

A - Asymmetry
B - border irregularity - blurred, notched, ragid
C - Colour - pigmentation not uniform
D - diameter - greater in size than pencil eraser

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5
Q

Disorders of the ear can result from:

A
Mechanical dysfunction (blockage)
Trauma (noise exposure, foreign bodies)
Neurological disorders (auditory nerve damage)
Acute illness (viral infection)
Toxic effects of medication
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6
Q

Risks for a hearing problem in infants and children:

A
Hypoxia at birth
Meningitis
Birth eight less that 1500g
Family history 
Congenital abnormalities of skull or face
Nonbacterial intrauterine infections (rubella, herpes)
Maternal drug use
High bilirubin
Head trauma
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7
Q

Signs of oxygenation problems

A

Reduced mental alertness
Nasal flaring
Somnolence (sleepiness)
Cyanosis

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8
Q

What are abnormal lung sounds caused by?

A

Air passing through moisture, mucus or narrowed airways.
From alveoli suddenly reinflating
Inflammation between the pleural linings

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9
Q

The four types adventitious (abnormal) lung sounds are:

A

Crackles - sudden reinflation of groups of alveoli, disruptive passage of air through small airways
Rhonchi - (sonorous wheeze) - muscular spasm, fluid, mucus in airways, external pressure
Wheezes - High-velocity airflow through severely narrowed or obstructed airway - high-pitched like a squeak heard continuously, louder on expiration
Pleural friction rub - inflamed pleua - dry, rubbing, grating sound.

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10
Q

Symptoms of heart disease

A
Chest pain or discomfort
Palpitations
Excess fatigue
Cough
Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
leg pain or cramps
Edema of feet
Cyanosis
Fainting
Orthopnea - shortness of breath when lying flat
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11
Q

Pulse deficit

A

The radial pulse is slower than the apical pulse because ineffective contractions fail to send pulse waves to the periphery.

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12
Q

Symptoms of vascular disease

A

Let cramps, numbness or tingling in extremities, sensation of cold hands or feet, pain in legs, swelling or cyanosis of feet, ankles or hand

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13
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein that occurs commonly after trauma to the vessel wall, infection, immobilization and prolonged insertion of IV catheters. Promotes clot formation, which can become dislodged and travel to the heart.

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14
Q

Risk factors for BP fluctuations:

A
Circulatory shock
Preeclampsia of pregnancy
Acute or chronic pain
Rapid IV infusion of blood products or fluid
Increased intracranial pressure
Postoperative status
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15
Q

Assess a patient at risk for high blood pressure for these signs and symptoms:

A

Fatigue
Facial flushing
Nosebleed
Headache

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16
Q

Low blood pressure signs and symptoms

A
Dizziness
Mental confusion
Restlessness
Cool, mottled skin over extremeties
Cyanotic color of mucus membranes
17
Q

What should a patient have not done 30 mins before BP exam?

A

Smoked, ingested caffeine, exercised

18
Q

Signs of decreased perfusion in extremeties:

A

Change is skin colour
Edema
Skin temp
Decreased pulse palpability

19
Q

Certain conditions place patients at risk for pulse alterations:

A

A history of heart disease
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Onset of sudden chest pain or acute pain from any site
Invasive cardiovascular diagnostic tests
Surgery
A sudden infusion of a large volume of IV fluid
Internal or external hemorrhage
Administration of medications that alter cardiac function

20
Q

Patients at risk for dysphagia

A

Coughing during eating;
Change in voice tone or quality after swallowing;
Abnormal movements of the mouth, tongue, or lips
Slow, weak, imprecise, inconsistent, or uncoordinated speech
Abnormal gag reflex
Delayed swallowing
Incomplete oral clearance
Pocketing of food or medications
Regurgitation