Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Arizona Vet Boards > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the Bufo Toad?

A

Colorado River Toad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the bufo toad produce toxins?

A

Glands in the skin, largest of which are by the eyes. White, creamy, thick toxin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the toxic principles in bufo toads?

A

bufagenins and bufotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the MOA of bufagenins?

A

Digitalis-like:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the MOA of bufotoxins?

A

Local anesthetic-like: block sodium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs of bufo toad toxicity?

A

Mild: frothy salivation, head shaking, pawing at mouth from local irritation, vomiting or retching
Severe: Convulsions, arrhythmias (various types), dyspnea, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for Bufo toad toxicity?

A

Mild: lavage mouth (toxin can aerosolize so remove animal from area after ravaging)
Severe: treat arrhythmias as standard (atropine for brady, lidocaine for tachy), benzodiazepines for seizures, oxygen support as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Full name of Valley Fever

A

Coccidioides immitis or posadasii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What species are significantly affected by Valley Fever?

A

All can be affected, only dogs show significant infections usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When most prone to getting Valley Fever?

A

Rainy period then a long drought.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How often does dissemination of Valley Fever occur?

A

20% of the time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If a cat gets Valley Fever what are the signs?

A

Skin lesions +/- weight loss, fever, inappetence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How often do cats get disseminated disease?

A

50% but they don’t get it that often to begin with.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nodules of valley fever have what histological apperance?

A

Pyogranulomatous and epithelial/giant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnosis of valley fever

A

Enlarged thoracic lymph nodes
Pyogranulomatous nodules with spherules
Confirmative: spherules in tissue
Can also use AGID assays for titers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In tissue what does coccidioides look like?

A

Spherules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of valley fever

A

Fluconazole x 6-12 mo

Amphotericin B best but too toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What form is valley fever in in the soil?

A

Mycelium

19
Q

Describe the type of fungus coccidioides is

A

Dimorphic, saprophytic

20
Q

Describe the lifecycle of valley fever

A

Mycelium in soil –> inhaled by canine
Gets to hilar lymph nodes within 10 days of exoposure
Spherules in lungs –> releases endospores
Endospores most vulnerable to phagocytosis
Forms more spherules
Dissemination usually 4 months from exposure (faster in immunosuppressed animals)

21
Q

Most common symptom of Valley Fever

A

Cough (dry if LN, wet if alveolar)

22
Q

Ehrlichia canis is transmitted by what type of tick?

A

Rhipicephalus (brown dog tick)

23
Q

Ehrlichia is what type of organism?

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria

24
Q

What type of cell does ehrlichia infect?

A

Monocytes

25
Q

Ehrlichiosis can be caused by which two species?

A

E. canis and E. chaffennsis

26
Q

Is ehrlicha zoonotic?

A

Not from dogs, but occasionally humans can be infected with the pathogen.

27
Q

Ehrliche chaffennsis is transmitted by which tick?

A

Amblyomma (lone star tick, white-tailed deer tick)

28
Q

Most common signs of ehrlichiosis in the dog?

A

Fever
Reticuloendothelial hyperplasia (generalized lymphadenomegaly and splenomegaly)
Thrombocytopenia (+/- petechia depending on severity)
Stiff gait / limb edema
Anorexia
Coughing

29
Q

Ehrlichiosis is most common at what times of the year?

A

Warmer months

30
Q

What breeds are most prone to developing chronic ehrlichiosis infections?

A

German Shepherds

31
Q

What additional symptoms occur in cases of chronic ehrlichiosis?

A 
Glomerulonephritis --> renal failure
Weight loss 
Hyperglobulinemia (polyclonal) 
Anterior uveitis
Interstitial pneumonia 
Meningitis
32
Q

Diagnosis of ehrlichiosis?

A

CBC to look for thrombocytopenia
IFA titers or ELISA tests (both may be cross reactive or be indicative of previous infection)
Intracytoplasmic inclusion body (low sensitivity)
Response to treatment (return to normothermic in 24-48 hours)

33
Q

Treatment of ehrlichiosis?

A

Doxycycline (due to good intracellular penetration and consistent sensitivity of ehrlichia)
Treat empirically before test results
Could also try tetracycline
Supportive care

34
Q

Prevention of ehrlichiosis?

A

Tick prevention
Use only seronegative dogs for blood transfusions
Prophylactic use of low dose tetracycline in very endemic, high dog population kennels.

35
Q

Do all Gila monster bites contain venom

A

No

36
Q

What are the most serious signs of Gila monster bites?

A

Hypotension, pain, anaphylaxis, arrhythmias

37
Q

Treatment for Gila monster bites

A

Supportive (pain meds, abx, fluids)

38
Q

What family of snakes is the rattlesnake in?

A

Crotalidae

39
Q

What does rattlesnake venom do?

A

Hemotoxic
Necrotizing
Anticoagulant

40
Q

Where is the worst place to get bit by a snake?

A

Thorax or abdomen

41
Q

When does antivenin work the best?

A

If administered <6 hours after a bite

But still has positive effects later

42
Q

What antibiotics should be used for rattlesnake bites?

A

Broad spectrum (gen ampicillin or cephalosporins) for tissue necrosis

43
Q

What is the main sign of black widow envenomation?

A

Muscle cramping and fasciculation.

Venom is a neurotoxin that depletes neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions

44
Q

Treatment of black widow spider envenomation?

A 
Antivenin is super expensive so only very severe cases
Calcium gluconate
Opioids
Muscle relaxants 
\+/- diazepam

Arizona Vet Boards (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions