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Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

koplik spots, white spots (grain of salts on buccal mucosa)

A

measles

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2
Q

what type of virus is measles

A

RNA paramyxovirus

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3
Q

what are the complications of measles

A 
PNEUMONIA IS MOST COMMON
encephalitis 
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (late 5-10 years later)
febrile convulsions 
giant cell pneumonia
keratoconjunctivitis 
diarrhoea 
increased incidene of appendicitis 
myocarditis
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4
Q

how does hirschsprung disease present

A

congenital dissease, much more common in males
bilious vomiting
abdo distension
CONSTIPATION
failure to pass meconium in the first 48 hours post birth

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5
Q

pathophysiology of hirschsprung disease

A

a ganglionic segment of bowel due to a developmental failure of parasympathetic Auerbach and Meissner plexus

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6
Q

what is klumpkes palsy damage to

A

lower brachial pleuxus-nerves innervating the hand

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7
Q

if testes undescended by 3 months what do you do

A

refer to a paediatric surgeon for both unilateral and bilateral undisended testes

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8
Q

what is the acidosis/alkalosis in pyloric stenosis q

A

hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic ALKALOSIS

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9
Q

how is pyloric stenosis managed

A

ramstedt pylotomyotomy

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10
Q

what age do you play peek a boo by

A

9 months

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11
Q

what age do you wave bye bye at

A

12 months

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12
Q

what shows a target sign on ultrasound

A

intususseption

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13
Q

barking cough =

A

croup

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14
Q

whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

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15
Q

what is croup caused by

A

parainfluenza virus

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16
Q

what is whooping cough caused by

A

bordetella pertussis which is a bacteria

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17
Q

what are the symptoms of whooping cough

A

usually worse at night and after feeding, may be ended by vomiting and associated entral cyanosis

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18
Q

how is whooping cough treated

A

gram negative bacteria so treat with antibiotics usually a macrolide

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19
Q

how is croup treated

A

viral cause so supportive and can be treated with steroids

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20
Q

what can a baby do at 6 weeks

A

control of head in vertical
stills to voice
follows torch with eyes
smile

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21
Q

baby at 3 months

A

when pulled to sit control of their head
friendly around strangers
hands held in midline
starting to vocalise
reacts pleasurably to familiar situations

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22
Q

what are the WHO six solutions to the most preventable causes of under 5 deaths

A

immediate and exclusive breastfeeding
skilled attendants for antenatal birth and postnatal care
access to nutrition and micronutrients
family knowledge of danger signs to a childs health
water sanitation and hygiene
immunisations

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23
Q

age to be continent of urine during the day

A

2 Years

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24
Q

stridor and coughing

A

croup

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25
what is croup
Upper respiratory tract infection, stridor from laryngeal oedema and secretions
26
what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
27
what is enucleation
removal of the eyeball
28
what do you worry about in a child with an absent red reflex
retinoblastoma
29
what is efficacy
how effective that increased effort is in providing oxygenation and ventilation it shows you the end organ effects
30
what is expiratory grunting a sign of
effort
31
what is tachycardia and pulse oximetry a sign of
efficacy
32
what is respiratory effort
work of breathing | any signs of respiratory distress relate to effort
33
what are newborn babies screened for
``` cystic fibrosis sickle cell disease medium chain acyl-CoA drydrogenase deficiency congenital hypothyroidism deafness phenylketonuria ```
34
what is the moro reflex an example of
a primitive reflex
35
marked head lag on pulling up from supine
newborn
36
gross development at 4 months can be assessed by what
pulling to sit
37
what is the average age for pubertal boys growth spurt
14 years
38
what is strasbismus
cross eyed,
39
average age for girls to enter puberty
11
40
average age for boys to enter puberty
11.5
41
when is vitamin D supplements prescibed
pregnant and breastfeeding mothers containing 10ug/400i.u of vitamin D all infants and young children aged 6 months-5 years should take daily vitamin D drops to help them meet the vitamin D requirement of 7-8.5ug per day infants on formula DONT unless they are getting less than 500ml formula per day breastfed infants may need to receive drops from one month of age is the mother hasn't taken vitamin D throughout the pregnancy
42
drinks with two hands from a cup
12 months
43
framework for taking a history from young people
HEEADSSS
44
what parameters are included in the HEEADSSS framework
``` Home Education/employment Eating Activities Drugs Sex Suicidality Safety ```
45
what is DCD
developmental coordination disorder | motor skills disorder-difffuclty in coordinating movements
46
what is beri beri caused by
a deficiency in thiamine deficiency B1
47
what is pellagra caused by
a deficiency in niacin vitamin B3
48
what is niacin
vitamin B3
49
what is b1
thiamine
50
examples of killed vaccines
polio and pertussis
51
toxoid vaccines
diphtheria and tetanus
52
polysaccharide extracts
HiB, meningococcal, pneumococcal
53
viral meningitis shows what cells
lymphocytes
54
bacterial meningitis shows which cells
polymorphs
55
what immunisations do you get aged 1
MMR, MenC/HiB, Pneumococcal and Men B
56
immunisations aged 2 months
5 in 1 (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poilio and HiB) rotavirus pneumococcus Men B
57
immunisations aged 3 months
5 in 1-diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB rotavirus Meningococcus C
58
immunisations aged 4 months old
5 in 1-diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and HiB pneumococcus Meningococcus B
59
immunisations aged 3 years 4 months- 5 years
MMR booster | diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio
60
when do you get immunised against HIb
2,3,4 months and 1 year

child health (3 decks)

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