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Clin Med Derm > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Tapioca pudding tense vesicles on palms, soles, and fingers; triggered by emotional stress

A

Dishydrosis

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2
Q

What is the treatment for dishydrosis?

A

Burrows solution or topical corticosteroids

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3
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis is a hypersensitivity reaction to ??

A

Pityrosporum ovale

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4
Q

Call yellow-grey patches on scalp, face, eyebrows, and body folds

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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5
Q

How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Ketoconazole shamoo, or silenium/zinc shampoo and/or steroids

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6
Q

What is blepharitis? How do you treat it?

A

A form of seborrheic dermatitis –> treat with lid scrubs!

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7
Q

Atopic dermatitis is a result of increased _____ production

A

IgE

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8
Q

Where do you typically find atopic dermatitis?

A

Flexoral surfaces

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9
Q

What history should you look for in a patient if you think they have atopic dermatitis?

A

Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma

Remember the atopic triad?

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10
Q

Where is atopic dermatitis common in in children?

A

extensor surfaces and face

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11
Q

How do you treat atopic dermatitis?

A

High dose corticosteroids and antihistamines

Consider lifestyle changes as well - breathable fabric, non-scented lotions and soaps, avoid hot baths etc.

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12
Q

What are some triggers of atopic dermatitis?

A

Heat, perspiration, allergies, contact irritants

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13
Q

Tiny erythematous ill-defined blisters that dry into scales accompanied by severe pruritis

A

Atopic dermatitis

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14
Q

What is one good way to spot allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Patient history: Any new products, jewelry, or laundry detergents?

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15
Q

What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Type 4

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16
Q

How do you treat allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Avoid the irritant!! and antihistamines if need be

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17
Q

Earliest sign of venous insufficiency, skin inflammation of lower legs caused by chronic fluid build up

A

Stasis dermatitis

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18
Q

How do you treat stasis dermatitis?

A

Compression stockings DOC but can also use steroids and moisture

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19
Q

Sharply defined coin shaped lesions with grouped papule on an erythematous pbase

A

Nummular eczema

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20
Q

How do you treat nummular eczema?

A

Hydration, topical steroids, abx if s. aureus is present, cold tar ointment

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21
Q

Skin thickening in patients with eczema; scaly, well-demarcated rough plaques, with exaggerated skin lines

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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22
Q

How do you treat lichen simplex chronicus?

A

Stop patient from scratching

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23
Q

What is the most common type of cutaneous drug reaction/

A

Morbiliform drug rash

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24
Q

What type of reaction is a morbiliform drug eruption?

A

Type 4

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25
How long after a patient starts NSAIDs, Abx, allopurinol, or thiazide diuretics would you expect a morbiliform drug reaction to occur?
2 days - 1 weekish
26
What is the most important mainstay of treatment for a morbiliform drug eruption?
Discontinue use of medication asap!
27
Type of allergic reaction to a medication in which a single lesion pops up int eh same place each time that the offending agent is introduced?
Fixed drug eruption
28
Bright red macules and papules that coalesce to form plaques
Morbiliform drug eruption
29
What is the 2nd MC type of cutaneous drug eruption?
Urticarial hypersensitivity reaction (hives!)
30
What type of reaction does hives fall under?
Type 1
31
What are some major culprits of a urticarial hypersensitivity reaction?
Opiats, radio contrast media, abx
32
How do you treat hives? What might you want to consider prescribing to someone who gets hives?
Antihistamines ASAP, systemic corticosteroids Consider epipen as hives can precede anaphylaxis
33
What is lichen planus heavily correlated with?
hep C!
34
If you see "Purple, polygonal, planar, pruritic, papules" think???
Lichen Planus!! 5P's = PLANUS!
35
Where is lichen planus most commonly found?
Mucous membranes - look for lacy white pattern
36
What is the treatment for lichen planus?
Topical steroids with cyclosporin mouthwash for oral lesions
37
You have a patient with lichen planus and no other comorbid disorders.. what should you do?
Screen for Hep C
38
"herald patch" comes first followed by "christmas tree" distribution 1-2 weeks later.. typically preceded by a viral infection
Pityriasis rosea
39
What viral infection typically precedes pityriasis rosea?
Strep
40
What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea?
Reassurance that the rash will clear up on its own - typically takes 3-8 weeks. Can give things to help with pruritis (antihistamines, oatmeal bath, etc.)
41
Keratin hyperplasia due to an increased epidermal cell turnover
Psoriasis
42
Where can you find plaque psoriasis?
Extensor surfaces and scalp
43
What are some things you can look for to help you diagnose plaque psoriasis?
Pitting nails, positive auspitz sign (if you peel away there will be "punctate" bleeding) and koebner's phenomenon (lesions appear where there is trauma from itching)
44
What is the treatment for plaque psoriasis?
``` Topical steroids (high strength) Citamin D analogs like calcipotriene Retinoids UVB light therapy Immune agents like methotrexate if severe ```
45
What is CREST syndrome?
``` Calcinosis cutis Reynauds phenomenon Esophageal dysfunction Sclerodactyly Telangiectasis ```
46
What type of lab work should you order f r a patient if you think they have scleroderma?
ANA (will be pod 90% of time) | Anti-SCL70 Ab is associated with diffuse disease and poorer prognosis
47
What is the treatment for scleroderma?
No cure, can only treat organ specific processes... CCB for Reynauds
48
Chronic abscesses of apocrine sweat glands or sebaceous cysts with tract formation.. MC axilla, under breasts, groin, or buttock area
Hidradenitis suppurativa
49
Red inflammatory nodules/abscesses with **double comedones***
Hidradenitis suppurativa
50
Treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa?
Incision and drainage with intra-lesional triamcinolone, systemic abx, surgical mgmnt if recurrent
51
Stage 3 pressure ulcer extends into....
Subcutaneous layer
52
Stage 4 pressure ulcer extends into....
Muscle tendon or bone
53
Stage 2 pressure ulcer resembles?
Blister or abrasion
54
How do you manage a chemical burn?
Run under water for 20 min
55
What abx is often applied to non-superficial burns?
Silver sulfadiazene MC
56
Do superficial burns require dressings?
No
57
Do you apply ice directly to burns?
No!
58
What formula and what solution do you use for IV fluid resuscitation with burns?
Parkland formula; lactated ringers soln
59
Rule of 9's?
``` Chest = 9 Abd = 9 Each arm = 9 Each leg = 18 Back = 18 Head = 9 Groin = 1 ```
60
MC pathogen folliculitis?
S. Aureus
61
Clinical manifestation of folliculitis?
Mostly asx... Will have papules and pustules over hair follicles
62
Abscess formation caused by staph aureus
Furuncle
63
Abscess formation and many jnfected hair follicles
Carbuncle
64
Tx furuncle and carbuncle?
I and D and culture
65
What causes necrotizing fasciitis?
GABHS
66
Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?
Aggressive debridement and abx
67
Tachycardia, hypotension, a fever, altered mental status and tissue crepitus combined should make you suspect???
Necrotizing fasciitis
68
Irregular macules and patches of total depigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of keratinocytes
Vitiligo
69
What can you use to help with depigmentation in patients with vitiligo?
Phototherapy and/or laser therapy.. Sunscreens and cover up are more important though
70
What type of reaction is urticaria?
Type 1!!
71
Blanchable red spots that come and go and are positive for dermatographism
Urticaria
72
What test checks for blanchability?
Diascopy
73
Treatment for pilonidal cyst?
Incision and drainage + abx
74
When you suspect a pilonidal cyst you should look for a prominent...?
Pilonidal dimple downstream from cyst
75
Painful, *fluctulant*area at the *sacrococcygeal cleft*
Pilonidal disease
76
Hyperpigmented macular ares that develop on sun exposed areas MC associated with pregnancy or OCP.. Color is uniform and develops over weeks "patchy brown hyper pigmentation"
Melasma
77
What is the treatment for melasma?
Hydroquinone solution! With tretinoin gel or glycolic acid (hydroquinone is most important piece)
78
What is very very very important in patients with melasma?
Sunblock!!!
79
What is the cheese like material inside an epidermal inclusion cyst?
Keratin- makes round firm lump
80
How do you treat an epidermal inclusion cyst?
Can drain if symptomatic or for cosmetic reasons.. If you suspect infection prescribe abx (inflamed or erythematous)
81
Other names for epidermal inclusion cyst
Epidermoid, keratin, or sebaceous cyst
82
Benign neoplasms of mature fat cells that are soft to the touch and pose no harm to the patient.. How do you treat?
Lipoma, treat with excision but don't have to, only cosmetic or if it's in a spot that is frequently irritated
83
How do you tell the difference between a lipoma and a cyst?
Lipomas are SOFT and MOBILE | cysts are HARD and feel IMMOBILE
84
Brown black "velvety" thick hyper pigmentation commonly found in body folds
Acanthosis nigricans
85
How do you treat acanthosis nigricans?
Refer to determine underlying issue... No treatment
86
What fungus causes angular chelitis? What test should you do to confirm?
Candida, KOH
87
How do you treat angular chelitis?
Fix underlying cause (Ill-fitting dentures), topical abx and antifungals
88
How do you differentiate oral candida from angular chelitis?
Oral herpes will be unilateral and will reoccur in same location every time
89
Pruritis and burning sensation on an uncircumcised male should make you think of??
Balanitis
90
What will the KOH show on a patient with balanitis ? How do you treat?
Pseudohyphae and budding yeast Topical nystatin ointment and warm soaks, consider treating parter as well
91
What will the KOH show on a pt with vulvovsginitis? How do you treat it?
Budding yeast Fluconazole or intravaginal preparations (OTC)
92
"Curd-like" exudate you can scrape off revealing reddened mucosa
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
93
What will the KOH show on a patient with oral thrush? How do you treat it?
Pseudohyphae and budding yeast.. Treat with nystatin swish and swallow and/or fluconazole
94
If thrush extends into esophagus, think _____
AIDS
95
What is characteristic of diaper dermatitis?
Satellite lesions
96
How do you treat diaper dermatitis?
Frequent diaper changes and topical nystatin cream
97
How do you treat candidal intertrigo?
Keep dry! Topical nystatin and imidazole powder
98
Beefy red with satellite lesions in skin folds with a positive KOH
Intertrigo
99
Variant of cellulitis common in elderly and usually on face or extremities. May develop flaccid bullae. Well defined macular rash characterized by abrupt onset and rapid progression. Face will become *fiery red*.
Erysipelas
100
How do you treat erysipelas?
Abx

Clin Med Derm (3 decks)

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