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Clin Med Derm > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Tapioca pudding tense vesicles on palms, soles, and fingers; triggered by emotional stress

A

Dishydrosis

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2
Q

What is the treatment for dishydrosis?

A

Burrows solution or topical corticosteroids

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3
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis is a hypersensitivity reaction to ??

A

Pityrosporum ovale

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4
Q

Call yellow-grey patches on scalp, face, eyebrows, and body folds

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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5
Q

How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Ketoconazole shamoo, or silenium/zinc shampoo and/or steroids

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6
Q

What is blepharitis? How do you treat it?

A

A form of seborrheic dermatitis –> treat with lid scrubs!

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7
Q

Atopic dermatitis is a result of increased _____ production

A

IgE

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8
Q

Where do you typically find atopic dermatitis?

A

Flexoral surfaces

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9
Q

What history should you look for in a patient if you think they have atopic dermatitis?

A

Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma

Remember the atopic triad?

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10
Q

Where is atopic dermatitis common in in children?

A

extensor surfaces and face

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11
Q

How do you treat atopic dermatitis?

A

High dose corticosteroids and antihistamines

Consider lifestyle changes as well - breathable fabric, non-scented lotions and soaps, avoid hot baths etc.

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12
Q

What are some triggers of atopic dermatitis?

A

Heat, perspiration, allergies, contact irritants

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13
Q

Tiny erythematous ill-defined blisters that dry into scales accompanied by severe pruritis

A

Atopic dermatitis

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14
Q

What is one good way to spot allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Patient history: Any new products, jewelry, or laundry detergents?

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15
Q

What type of reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Type 4

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16
Q

How do you treat allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Avoid the irritant!! and antihistamines if need be

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17
Q

Earliest sign of venous insufficiency, skin inflammation of lower legs caused by chronic fluid build up

A

Stasis dermatitis

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18
Q

How do you treat stasis dermatitis?

A

Compression stockings DOC but can also use steroids and moisture

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19
Q

Sharply defined coin shaped lesions with grouped papule on an erythematous pbase

A

Nummular eczema

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20
Q

How do you treat nummular eczema?

A

Hydration, topical steroids, abx if s. aureus is present, cold tar ointment

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21
Q

Skin thickening in patients with eczema; scaly, well-demarcated rough plaques, with exaggerated skin lines

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

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22
Q

How do you treat lichen simplex chronicus?

A

Stop patient from scratching

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23
Q

What is the most common type of cutaneous drug reaction/

A

Morbiliform drug rash

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24
Q

What type of reaction is a morbiliform drug eruption?

A

Type 4

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25
Q

How long after a patient starts NSAIDs, Abx, allopurinol, or thiazide diuretics would you expect a morbiliform drug reaction to occur?

A

2 days - 1 weekish

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26
Q

What is the most important mainstay of treatment for a morbiliform drug eruption?

A

Discontinue use of medication asap!

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27
Q

Type of allergic reaction to a medication in which a single lesion pops up int eh same place each time that the offending agent is introduced?

A

Fixed drug eruption

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28
Q

Bright red macules and papules that coalesce to form plaques

A

Morbiliform drug eruption

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29
Q

What is the 2nd MC type of cutaneous drug eruption?

A

Urticarial hypersensitivity reaction (hives!)

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30
Q

What type of reaction does hives fall under?

A

Type 1

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31
Q

What are some major culprits of a urticarial hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Opiats, radio contrast media, abx

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32
Q

How do you treat hives? What might you want to consider prescribing to someone who gets hives?

A

Antihistamines ASAP, systemic corticosteroids

Consider epipen as hives can precede anaphylaxis

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33
Q

What is lichen planus heavily correlated with?

A

hep C!

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34
Q

If you see “Purple, polygonal, planar, pruritic, papules” think???

A

Lichen Planus!!

5P’s = PLANUS!

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35
Q

Where is lichen planus most commonly found?

A

Mucous membranes - look for lacy white pattern

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36
Q

What is the treatment for lichen planus?

A

Topical steroids with cyclosporin mouthwash for oral lesions

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37
Q

You have a patient with lichen planus and no other comorbid disorders.. what should you do?

A

Screen for Hep C

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38
Q

“herald patch” comes first followed by “christmas tree” distribution 1-2 weeks later.. typically preceded by a viral infection

A

Pityriasis rosea

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39
Q

What viral infection typically precedes pityriasis rosea?

A

Strep

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40
Q

What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea?

A

Reassurance that the rash will clear up on its own - typically takes 3-8 weeks. Can give things to help with pruritis (antihistamines, oatmeal bath, etc.)

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41
Q

Keratin hyperplasia due to an increased epidermal cell turnover

A

Psoriasis

42
Q

Where can you find plaque psoriasis?

A

Extensor surfaces and scalp

43
Q

What are some things you can look for to help you diagnose plaque psoriasis?

A

Pitting nails, positive auspitz sign (if you peel away there will be “punctate” bleeding) and koebner’s phenomenon (lesions appear where there is trauma from itching)

44
Q

What is the treatment for plaque psoriasis?

A 
Topical steroids (high strength)
Citamin D analogs like calcipotriene
Retinoids 
UVB light therapy
Immune agents like methotrexate if severe
45
Q

What is CREST syndrome?

A 
Calcinosis cutis
Reynauds phenomenon 
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasis
46
Q

What type of lab work should you order f r a patient if you think they have scleroderma?

A

ANA (will be pod 90% of time)

Anti-SCL70 Ab is associated with diffuse disease and poorer prognosis

47
Q

What is the treatment for scleroderma?

A

No cure, can only treat organ specific processes… CCB for Reynauds

48
Q

Chronic abscesses of apocrine sweat glands or sebaceous cysts with tract formation.. MC axilla, under breasts, groin, or buttock area

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa

49
Q

Red inflammatory nodules/abscesses with double comedones*

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa

50
Q

Treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

Incision and drainage with intra-lesional triamcinolone, systemic abx, surgical mgmnt if recurrent

51
Q

Stage 3 pressure ulcer extends into….

A

Subcutaneous layer

52
Q

Stage 4 pressure ulcer extends into….

A

Muscle tendon or bone

53
Q

Stage 2 pressure ulcer resembles?

A

Blister or abrasion

54
Q

How do you manage a chemical burn?

A

Run under water for 20 min

55
Q

What abx is often applied to non-superficial burns?

A

Silver sulfadiazene MC

56
Q

Do superficial burns require dressings?

A

No

57
Q

Do you apply ice directly to burns?

A

No!

58
Q

What formula and what solution do you use for IV fluid resuscitation with burns?

A

Parkland formula; lactated ringers soln

59
Q

Rule of 9’s?

A 
Chest = 9
Abd = 9
Each arm = 9
Each leg = 18
Back = 18
Head = 9
Groin = 1
60
Q

MC pathogen folliculitis?

A

S. Aureus

61
Q

Clinical manifestation of folliculitis?

A

Mostly asx… Will have papules and pustules over hair follicles

62
Q

Abscess formation caused by staph aureus

A

Furuncle

63
Q

Abscess formation and many jnfected hair follicles

A

Carbuncle

64
Q

Tx furuncle and carbuncle?

A

I and D and culture

65
Q

What causes necrotizing fasciitis?

A

GABHS

66
Q

Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Aggressive debridement and abx

67
Q

Tachycardia, hypotension, a fever, altered mental status and tissue crepitus combined should make you suspect???

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

68
Q

Irregular macules and patches of total depigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of keratinocytes

A

Vitiligo

69
Q

What can you use to help with depigmentation in patients with vitiligo?

A

Phototherapy and/or laser therapy.. Sunscreens and cover up are more important though

70
Q

What type of reaction is urticaria?

A

Type 1!!

71
Q

Blanchable red spots that come and go and are positive for dermatographism

A

Urticaria

72
Q

What test checks for blanchability?

A

Diascopy

73
Q

Treatment for pilonidal cyst?

A

Incision and drainage + abx

74
Q

When you suspect a pilonidal cyst you should look for a prominent…?

A

Pilonidal dimple downstream from cyst

75
Q

Painful, fluctulantarea at the sacrococcygeal cleft

A

Pilonidal disease

76
Q

Hyperpigmented macular ares that develop on sun exposed areas MC associated with pregnancy or OCP.. Color is uniform and develops over weeks “patchy brown hyper pigmentation”

A

Melasma

77
Q

What is the treatment for melasma?

A

Hydroquinone solution! With tretinoin gel or glycolic acid (hydroquinone is most important piece)

78
Q

What is very very very important in patients with melasma?

A

Sunblock!!!

79
Q

What is the cheese like material inside an epidermal inclusion cyst?

A

Keratin- makes round firm lump

80
Q

How do you treat an epidermal inclusion cyst?

A

Can drain if symptomatic or for cosmetic reasons.. If you suspect infection prescribe abx (inflamed or erythematous)

81
Q

Other names for epidermal inclusion cyst

A

Epidermoid, keratin, or sebaceous cyst

82
Q

Benign neoplasms of mature fat cells that are soft to the touch and pose no harm to the patient.. How do you treat?

A

Lipoma, treat with excision but don’t have to, only cosmetic or if it’s in a spot that is frequently irritated

83
Q

How do you tell the difference between a lipoma and a cyst?

A

Lipomas are SOFT and MOBILE

cysts are HARD and feel IMMOBILE

84
Q

Brown black “velvety” thick hyper pigmentation commonly found in body folds

A

Acanthosis nigricans

85
Q

How do you treat acanthosis nigricans?

A

Refer to determine underlying issue… No treatment

86
Q

What fungus causes angular chelitis? What test should you do to confirm?

A

Candida, KOH

87
Q

How do you treat angular chelitis?

A

Fix underlying cause (Ill-fitting dentures), topical abx and antifungals

88
Q

How do you differentiate oral candida from angular chelitis?

A

Oral herpes will be unilateral and will reoccur in same location every time

89
Q

Pruritis and burning sensation on an uncircumcised male should make you think of??

A

Balanitis

90
Q

What will the KOH show on a patient with balanitis ? How do you treat?

A

Pseudohyphae and budding yeast

Topical nystatin ointment and warm soaks, consider treating parter as well

91
Q

What will the KOH show on a pt with vulvovsginitis? How do you treat it?

A

Budding yeast

Fluconazole or intravaginal preparations (OTC)

92
Q

“Curd-like” exudate you can scrape off revealing reddened mucosa

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

93
Q

What will the KOH show on a patient with oral thrush? How do you treat it?

A

Pseudohyphae and budding yeast.. Treat with nystatin swish and swallow and/or fluconazole

94
Q

If thrush extends into esophagus, think _____

A

AIDS

95
Q

What is characteristic of diaper dermatitis?

A

Satellite lesions

96
Q

How do you treat diaper dermatitis?

A

Frequent diaper changes and topical nystatin cream

97
Q

How do you treat candidal intertrigo?

A

Keep dry! Topical nystatin and imidazole powder

98
Q

Beefy red with satellite lesions in skin folds with a positive KOH

A

Intertrigo

99
Q

Variant of cellulitis common in elderly and usually on face or extremities. May develop flaccid bullae. Well defined macular rash characterized by abrupt onset and rapid progression. Face will become fiery red.

A

Erysipelas

100
Q

How do you treat erysipelas?

A

Abx

Clin Med Derm (3 decks)

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