Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Diseases 4 > Flashcards

Diseases 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

  • definition
  • risk factors
A
  • benign epithelial skin tumor - growth of immature keratinocytes
  • UV, skin burn, older age, genetic tendency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

-clinical features (6)

A
  • multiple flat, hyperkeratotic (dark) papules and plaques
  • sharply demarcated
  • oval, round
  • brown, black or skin color - “greasy”, “floss” or surface covered with warts
  • face, trunk, upper extremities
  • asymptomatic - it can be itchy, may bleed or get red
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A
  • anamnesis, clinical features, dermatoscopy, skin biopsy

- excision, curettage, electrodestruction, cryotherapy, laser therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Actinic keratosis

  • definition
  • risk factors
A
  • UVB - induced carcinoma in situ
  • pre-cancerous lesion

-UV, I skin type, older age, men sex, immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actinic keratosis

-clinical features (4)

A
  • multiple lesions
  • sharply bordered, skin colored/erythematous/ brown
  • scaly papule/plaque
  • skin areas exposed to sunlight: face, ears, scalp, hands, upper body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Actinic keratosis

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-clinical features + skin biopsy

  • cryotherapy, curettage, electro destruction
  • photodynamic therapy
  • local medication: immunomodulators, retinoid, diclofenac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

  • definition
  • risk factors
A
  • slow-growing, locally invasive, malignant epidermal skin tumor
  • UV, ionizing radiation, older age, skin type I-II, Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (multiple bcc in childhood), chemical toxins, genetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

-types (6)

A 
Nodular 
Superficial
Pigmented 
Morpheiform 
Ulcerative 
Fibroepithelioma of Pincus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basal cell carcinoma - clinical features of:

  1. nodular type
  2. superficial type
A
  1. most common, papule/nodule, pearly/shiny/skin colored or pinkish, blood vessels on the surface, may have a central ulcer or bleed spontaneously, translucent epidermis
  2. younger patients, multiple/multifocal, trunk/shoulders, pink/red, scaly irregular plaques, thin rolled borders, slow growth, bleed and ulcerate easily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Basal cell carcinoma - clinical features of:

  1. pigmented type
  2. morpheaform type
  3. infiltrative type
A
  1. brown, blue or grey, nodular/superficial histology, face/trunk
  2. mid-facial sites, skin-colored, waxy, scar-like, prone to recur after treatment, infiltrate cutaneous nerves (perineural spread)
  3. pink/red, plaque, scaly surface, irregular and ill-defined margin, can be elevated/depressed, palpable induration at tissue edges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Basal cell carcinoma - clinical features of:

  1. pigmented type
  2. morpheaform type
  3. infiltrative type
A
  1. brown, blue or grey, nodular/superficial histology, face/trunk
  2. mid-facial sites, skin-colored, waxy, scar-like, prone to recur after treatment, infiltrate cutaneous nerves (perineural spread)
  3. pink/red, plaque, scaly surface, irregular and ill-defined margin, can be elevated/depressed, palpable induration at tissue edges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-CE + dermatoscopy + biopsy

  • surgical removal
  • cryosurgery, radiotherapy, laser, photodynamic, curettage, topical (fluocouracil)
  • monitor every 6-12 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

  • definition
  • pathogenesis
A
  • malignant, infiltrating, invasive skin cancer from keratinocytes
  • develops from precancerous skin conditions

-UV, HPV 16, 18, radiotherapy, arsenic, chemical carcinogens, immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

  • clinical features
  • localization
A
  • hyperkeratotic papule and plaque
  • frequently with crust and ulcerated

-scalp, dorsum of hands, lips, shin, ear, genitalia, mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-clinical signs + biopsy

  • excision, palliative chemotherapy if no operation possible, control of lymph nodes for spread
  • check up 3-6 months for 5 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Melanoma

  • definition
  • predisposing factors
  • gained factors
A
  • highly malignant tumor arising from melanocytes –> metastasis = almost impossible to stop it
  • I-II skin phototype, positive family history, gender (women>men), albinism, ethnic dependence
  • insolation, skin burns, high-social economic status

50% arise from moles!!!

17
Q

Melanoma

-types (5)

A
  1. Nodular
  2. Superficial spreading
  3. Acral lentiginous
  4. Lentigo maligna
  5. Mucosal and internal organs
18
Q

Melanoma

-location

A
  • women’s - calf’s skin
  • men - trunk
  • 52% - scalp, neck, trunk area
19
Q

Melanoma - clinical features of:

  1. nodular type
  2. superficial spreading
  3. acral lentiginous
A
  1. sun lighted body parts, age 40-60, duration of horizontal phase: months
  2. trunk, age 30-60, duration of horizontal phase: one month to 2 years
  3. in limbs, age 40-60, duration of horizontal phase: years
20
Q

Melanoma - clinical features of:

  1. nodular type
  2. superficial spreading
  3. acral lentiginous
A
  1. sun lighted body parts, age 40-60, duration of horizontal phase: months, reddish-brown-black
  2. trunk, age 30-60, duration of horizontal phase: one month to 2 years, variable pigmentation
  3. in limbs, age 40-60, duration of horizontal phase: years, brown-black pigmented macule, ulceration may occur, Hutchinson’s sign (dark linear patch arising from the nail)
21
Q

Melanoma - clinical features of:

  1. lentigo maligna
  2. mucosal and internal organs
A
  1. face, calf, age >60, duration of horizontal phase: one to 10 years, irregular pigmentation, large and irregularly shaped patch
  2. mouth, genitals, eyes, CNS, lymph nodes, age: adults, duration of horizontal phase: short
22
Q

Melanoma

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • prevention
A
  • dermatoscopy, LN palpation, LF biopsy
  • surgical excision!
  • avoid sunlight, solariums,
  • use sun protective clothing
  • sunscreen
23
Q

Dermoscopy - ABCDE criteria

A 
A - asymmetry 
B - border 
C - color 
D - diameter > 6mm 
E - evolving
24
Q

Melanocytic nevi

-definition

A
  • pigmented nevus characterized by melanocytes changes in epidermis or dermis which don’t connect in to nests with each other
  • pigmented nevus: limited macule or nodule composed of tumor changed and proliferated melanocytes
  • classified as: nevoid cell nevus and melanocytic nevus
25
Q

Melanocytic nevi

-risk factors

A
  • congenital: family history, fair skin and red hair

- acquired: UV radiation,

26
Q

Melanocytic nevi

-sub-types (5) and their clinical features

A
  1. Lentigo simplex - increased amount of melanocytes in basal layer. Round or oval shaped brown macules, scattered distribution. Do not increase in number during sun exposure
  2. Cafe au lait macule - circumscribed tan macule, usually present at birth. Irregular tan macules and patches.
  3. Mongolian spot - blue-gray sacral patch, most often on trunk or buttocks
  4. Blue nevus - flat or slightly emerged, from grey to black blue color papule. Head, Waist or external surfaces of hand and feet
  5. Becker nevus - hyperpigmented, increased hairs and increased smooth muscles. Large patch or plaque, present at birth. usually on trunk
27
Q

Melanocytic nevi

-clinical features (4)

A

freckles

  • increased melanin in epidermis with normal to reduced number of melanocytes
  • flat, multiple, small tan or light - brown macules
  • increase in number during sun exposure
28
Q

Melanocytic nevi

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-anamnesis, clinical features, dermatoscopy

  • no atypia –> no removal
  • atypia –> only excision
  • usage of laser, electro destruction and cryotherapy
29
Q

Signs of atypia (6)

A
  • fast increase
  • waviness of nevus contours
  • inflammatory effects (swelling, redness pain)
  • bleeding and ulceration
  • itchiness
  • changes of color, diversity

Dermatology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions