Diseases 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Acne vulgaris

  • definition
  • etiopathogenesis
A
  • polymorphic chronic inflammatory skin disease
  • comedones and inflammatory lesions
  1. androgen-mediated - enhances sebaceous glands activity and seborrhea
  2. follicular hyper-keratinisation - increased cornification + abnormal follicular differentiation
  3. Propionibacterium acnes - hypercolonization due to low oxygen level and accumulation of sebum
  4. inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acne vulgaris

-factors aggravating acne (9)

A
genetic 
endocrinal factors 
stress 
overuse of cosmetics 
local/systemic GCS
environment 
diet 
drugs 
manipulation of lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acne vulgaris

-classification

A

Non-inflammatory - comedones, closed (white) or open (black)
-black due to oxidized lipids, melanin causes darkened color

Inflammatory - nodules, pustules, cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acne vulgaris

-clinical forms (5)

A
  1. Acne comedonia - children
  2. Acne papulopustulosa - teenager
  3. Acne nodulocystica - develops quickly - adults
  4. Acne conglobata
  5. Acne tarda - smokers acne
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acne vulgaris

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-clinical examination

  • sebo-suppression, anti-comedogenic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory
  • systemic - oral retinoids - isotretinoin (Roaccutane)
  • phototherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rosacea

  • definition
  • factors aggravating it
  • effects of the triggers (4)
A
  • chronic inflammatory skin disease
  • causes facial erythema - capillary vasomotor lability
  • environment, emotion (stress), physiological, exogenous
  • increased blood flow to blood vessels (erythema), damage of cutaneous blood vessels and dermal CT (papillary dermis atrophy), perivascular inflammation, edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rosacea

-classification

A
  1. Diathesis/ Pre-rosacea
  2. Erythematous-telangiectatic
  3. Papulo-pustular
  4. Phymatous/ Hyperplastic
  5. Ocular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rosacea

-clinical features

A

Primary
-flushing (transient erythema), persistent erythema, papules and pustules and telangiectasia

Secondary

  • burning or stinging sensation
  • plaques, dry appearance, edema
  • eye damage
  • peripheral localization
  • rhinophyma

NO COMEDOMES - main difference between acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rosacea

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A
  • erythema, inflammatory papules and pustules, telangiectasia, ocular manifestations
  • antibiotics, good skin care, anti-parasitic (ivermectin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

  • definition
  • etiopathogenesis
A

-severe, acquired, potentially fatal disease with intraepidermal blister formation

  • auto-antibodies against desmogleins 3 and 1 –> proteases cause damage –> intraepidermal acantholysis
  • genetic, drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

-clinical features (5)

A
  • sites: oral mucosal, scalp, face, mechanically stressed areas, nail, intertriginous areas
  • non-erythematous, non-swelling –> blisters are not stable –> fast rupture
  • extremely painful
  • poorly healing crusted erosions and ulcers surrounded by epidermal splits –> bleeding –> blisters hard to find
  • pruritus is uncommon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

  • staging
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-1. oral involvement, 2. localized disease, 3. generalized disease

  • Nikolsky sign - POSITIVE!!!
  • ELISA, direct or indirect immunofluorescence, cytology (acantholytic cells), CBC
  • SGCS: prednisolone
  • immunosuppression in very aggressive cases
  • topical: wound treatment, local anesthetic, antiseptics and anticandida
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

  • definition
  • etiopathogenesis
A

-acquired autoimmune sub-epidermal blistering disease caused by auto-abs to components of the hemidesmosomes in the b.m

  • auto-abs against hemidesmosome –> attraction of inflammatory cells –> release of proteases –> separation between dermis and epidermis
  • less common causes: drugs, sunlight, ionizing radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

-clinical features

A

Non-blistering phase - polymorphous rash, not specific, prodromal symptoms (urticaria, eczematous rash, pruritus)

Blistering phase - blisters appear on normal or erythematous skin, urticarial, papular rash come together

  • blister is very stable
  • symmetrical manifestation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A
  • Nikolsky’s sign - NEGATIVE!!!
  • Lab, direct or indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, histology

-systemic corticosteroids, combination therapy with methotrexate, local wound treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ichthyoses vulgaris

  • definition
  • etiopathogenesis
A

-inherited disorder characterized by excessive scaling

  • autosomal dominant, genetic mutation that causes the keratinocytes to behave differently
  • abnormal formation of keratohyalin granules –> delayed destruction of desmosomes because of defective/absent profilaggrin –> hyperkeratosis
17
Q

Ichthyoses vulgaris

-clinical features (6)

A
  • usually starts in the first year of life –> progresses until puberty and lasts all lifetime
  • white fine scales
  • on extensor surfaces (shins), trunk and lateral aspects of face
  • no mucosal involvement
  • dry skin, itchy
  • hyperlinear palms
18
Q

Ichthyoses vulgaris

  • diagnosis
  • treatment
A

-family history, clinical diagnosis

  • lubrification of the skin with emollients
  • keratolytic substances
  • topical corticosteroids are not useful!!!