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Pulmonary > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Honeycombing, Ground glass infiltrate, older >60yrs, smoking associated, heterogeneous fibrosis, subpleural, mostly in bases, fibroblastic foci

A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Usual Interstitial Fibrosis)

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2
Q

Ground glass infiltrate, younger patients, homogeneous fibrosis

A

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

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3
Q

Bronchiolocentric accumulation of dusty brown macrophages, peribronchiolar fibrosis, smoking associated

A

Respiratory Bronchiolitis (RB-ILD)

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4
Q

Dusty brown macrophages filing distal airspace, smoking associated

A

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)

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5
Q

Young patients, cysts and nodules, 15% have extrapulmonary disease, smoking related

A

Langerhans Cells Histiocytosis (LCH)

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6
Q

Hyaline membranes, septal thickening, not responsive to therapy

A

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (associated with Idiopathic ARDS)

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7
Q

Noninfectious pneumonia, bilateral fuzzy nodules, intraluminal plugs of granulation tissue, steroid responsive

A

Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)

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8
Q

Associated with autoimmune or immunodeficiency, centrilobar nodules, treat with immunosuppressive

A

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia

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9
Q

Mimics ARDS, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates, eosinophilic septal infiltrates, steroid responsive

A

Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

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10
Q

Common in women and nonsmokers, eosinophilic inflitrates, macrophages fibrosis, steroid responsive

A

Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia

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11
Q

Only seen in young women, have obstructive PFTs, pleural effusions and spontaneous pneumos common, proliferation of smooth muscle tissue, mTOR or anti-estrogen therapy

A

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

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12
Q

Response to antigen, acute or chronic (chronic has fibrosis), upper-lobe predominant, inflammation with poorly formed granulomas

A

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

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13
Q

Lymphadenopathy, PFTs vary, more common in African Americans in the US, non-caseating granulomas

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Caused by strep pneumoniae, treat with macrolide or doxycycline

A

Community acquired Pneumonia

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15
Q

Gram negative pathogens (SPACE - Serratia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter or E. Coli) or MRSA

A

Hospital, Ventillator, or Healthcare Acquired Pneumonia

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16
Q

Productive cough >3months, hypertrophy of submucosal glands, smooth muscle and goblet cell proliferation, normal DLCO, treatment includes decreasing muscle tone (inhaled beta agonists or anticholinergics) and decreasing inflammation (corticosteroids)

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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17
Q

Centri or Panacinar, diminished breath sounds, hyperresonant, decreased DLCO, disease of parenchyma

A

Emphysema

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18
Q

Extrinsic (response to allergen, IgE) or Intrinsic (post-viral injury, aspirin-sensitivity), expiratory wheezing, airway remodeling due to chronic inflammation, responds to beta-agonist

A

Asthma

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19
Q

Dilation of proximal bronchi, impaired tracheobronchial clearing results in chronic infections, treat with chest physical therapy and antibiotics, caused by infection, CF, bronchial obstruction, cilia defects (Katageners), cartilage defects

A

Bronchiectisis

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20
Q

Recurrent infections leading to bronchiectesis, pancreatic insufficiency, more common in caucasians, treat with chest physical therapy, nebulized hypertonic solution

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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21
Q

Usually infectious in kids and non-infectious in adults, inspiratory squeak due to late opening of inflamed bronchioles

A

Bronchiolitis

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22
Q

Inspiratory stridor, flow-volume loop with flattened inspiration, mimics asthma

A

Vocal Chord Dysfunction

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23
Q

Edema of face, upper torso, neck, altered mental status, treated with steroids and standard chemo

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

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24
Q

Hamman’s sign, can progress to a pneumo, usually self resolves

A

Pneumomediastinum

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25
Q

Thymic neoplasm, teritomas, terrible lymphoma, thyroid neoplasm

A

Terrible T’s - most common malignant tumors of the anterior-superior mediastinum

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26
Q

Lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, developmental cysts, vascular enlargements, diaphragmatic hernia

A

Common Middle Mediastinal masses

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27
Q

Neurogenic tumor, meningocele, esophageal lesion, diaphragmatic hernia

A

Common Posterior Mediastinal masses

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28
Q

Hyperresonant percussion, absent breath sounds, decreased fremitus

A

Pneumothorax - can become tension pneumo with structures pushed toward contralateral side

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29
Q

Decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, decreased fremitus, transudative or exudative

A

Pleural effusion

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30
Q

What are the four most common causes of chronic cough in adults?

A

Upper Airway Cough Syndrome (tickle in airway, due to postnasal drip), Asthma, GERD, and Non-Asthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis (NAEB)

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31
Q

Linked to smoking, proximal lesions, keratin pearls, p53, Rb, and p16 mutations common, surgical resection, hypercalcemia

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)

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32
Q

Common in women and non-smokers, peripheral, mucin +, KRAS mutations common, surgical resection

A

Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC)

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33
Q

Undifferentiated cancer, associated with smoking, peripheral or central

A

Large Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)

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34
Q

Neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky) cells, common in male smokers, produces ADH/ACTH, chromogranin +, chemotherapy treatment only

A

Small Cell Carcinoma

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35
Q

Latent onset, temporal pattern, most common occupational lung disease

A

Occupational Asthma

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36
Q

No latency, exposure to irritable inhalants, majority will have persistent asthma

A

Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome

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37
Q

Asbestos exposure, not related to smoking, restrictive PFTs, plaques

A

Mesothelioma

38
Q

Inflammation and fibrosis due to inhalation of coal mine dust, “dust macule”

A

Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung)

39
Q

Calcified mediastinal nodes, progresses to include upper lobes, lungs fill with protein fluid, total lung lavage

A

Silicosis

40
Q

Granulomatous, latent, restrictive PFTs, BeLPT in blood

A

Chronic Beryllium Disease

41
Q

Benign congenital disease, most common cause of persistent stridor in kids, usually resolve spontaneously

A

Laryngomalacia

42
Q

Caused primarily by viruses, barking cough, fever usually absent or low grade, if it progresses to stridor at rest pts require nebulized epi and glucocorticos

A

Croup

43
Q

Medical emergency, caused by H. influenzae B, sudden onset of fever, sniffing dog position, drooling, dysphagia, need immediate intubation

A

Epiglottitis

44
Q

Usually caused by S. aureus, develop fever and upper airway obstruction, copious purulent tracheal secretions, intubate

A

Bacterial Tracheitis

45
Q

RSV most common cause, rhinorrhea, wheezing, clinical diagnosis of URI, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, best treatment is prevention

A

Bronchiolitis

46
Q

30% of infants with birth weight

A

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

47
Q

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Usual Interstitial Fibrosis)

A

Honeycombing, Ground glass infiltrate, older >60yrs, smoking associated, heterogeneous fibrosis, subpleural, mostly in bases, fibroblastic foci

48
Q

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

A

Ground glass infiltrate, younger patients, homogeneous fibrosis

49
Q

Respiratory Bronchiolitis (RB-ILD)

A

Bronchiolocentric accumulation of dusty brown macrophages, peribronchiolar fibrosis, smoking associated

50
Q

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)

A

Dusty brown macrophages filing distal airspace, smoking associated

51
Q

Langerhans Cells Histiocytosis (LCH)

A

Young patients, cysts and nodules, 15% have extrapulmonary disease, smoking related

52
Q

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (associated with Idiopathic ARDS)

A

Hyaline membranes, septal thickening, not responsive to therapy

53
Q

Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)

A

Noninfectious pneumonia, bilateral fuzzy nodules, intraluminal plugs of granulation tissue, steroid responsive

54
Q

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia

A

Associated with autoimmune or immunodeficiency, centrilobar nodules, treat with immunosuppressive

55
Q

Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

A

Mimics ARDS, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates, eosinophilic septal infiltrates, steroid responsive

56
Q

Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia

A

Common in women and nonsmokers, eosinophilic inflitrates, macrophages fibrosis, steroid responsive

57
Q

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

A

Only seen in young women, have obstructive PFTs, pleural effusions and spontaneous pneumos common, proliferation of smooth muscle tissue, mTOR or anti-estrogen therapy

58
Q

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

A

Response to antigen, acute or chronic (chronic has fibrosis), upper-lobe predominant, inflammation with poorly formed granulomas

59
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Lymphadenopathy, PFTs vary, more common in African Americans in the US, non-caseating granulomas

60
Q

Community acquired Pneumonia

A

Caused by strep pneumoniae, treat with macrolide or doxycycline

61
Q

Hospital, Ventillator, or Healthcare Acquired Pneumonia

A

Gram negative pathogens (SPACE - Serratia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter or E. Coli) or MRSA

62
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Productive cough >3months, hypertrophy of submucosal glands, smooth muscle and goblet cell proliferation, normal DLCO, treatment includes decreasing muscle tone (inhaled beta agonists or anticholinergics) and decreasing inflammation (corticosteroids)

63
Q

Emphysema

A

Centri or Panacinar, diminished breath sounds, hyperresonant, decreased DLCO, disease of parenchyma

64
Q

Asthma

A

Extrinsic (response to allergen, IgE) or Intrinsic (post-viral injury, aspirin-sensitivity), expiratory wheezing, airway remodeling due to chronic inflammation, responds to beta-agonist

65
Q

Bronchiectisis

A

Dilation of proximal bronchi, impaired tracheobronchial clearing results in chronic infections, treat with chest physical therapy and antibiotics, caused by infection, CF, bronchial obstruction, cilia defects (Katageners), cartilage defects

66
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Recurrent infections leading to bronchiectesis, pancreatic insufficiency, more common in caucasians, treat with chest physical therapy, nebulized hypertonic solution

67
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Usually infectious in kids and non-infectious in adults, inspiratory squeak due to late opening of inflamed bronchioles

68
Q

Vocal Chord Dysfunction

A

Inspiratory stridor, flow-volume loop with flattened inspiration, mimics asthma

69
Q

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

A

Edema of face, upper torso, neck, altered mental status, treated with steroids and standard chemo

70
Q

Pneumomediastinum

A

Hamman’s sign, can progress to a pneumo, usually self resolves

71
Q

Terrible T’s - most common malignant tumors of the anterior-superior mediastinum

A

Thymic neoplasm, teritomas, terrible lymphoma, thyroid neoplasm

72
Q

Common Middle Mediastinal masses

A

Lymphadenopathy, lymphoma, developmental cysts, vascular enlargements, diaphragmatic hernia

73
Q

Common Posterior Mediastinal masses

A

Neurogenic tumor, meningocele, esophageal lesion, diaphragmatic hernia

74
Q

Pneumothorax - can become tension pneumo with structures pushed toward contralateral side

A

Hyperresonant percussion, absent breath sounds, decreased fremitus

75
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, decreased fremitus, transudative or exudative

76
Q

Upper Airway Cough Syndrome (tickle in airway, due to postnasal drip), Asthma, GERD, and Non-Asthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis (NAEB)

A

What are the four most common causes of chronic cough in adults?

77
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)

A

Linked to smoking, proximal lesions, keratin pearls, p53, Rb, and p16 mutations common, surgical resection, hypercalcemia

78
Q

Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC)

A

Common in women and non-smokers, peripheral, mucin +, KRAS mutations common, surgical resection

79
Q

Large Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC)

A

Undifferentiated cancer, associated with smoking, peripheral or central

80
Q

Small Cell Carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky) cells, common in male smokers, produces ADH/ACTH, chromogranin +, chemotherapy treatment only

81
Q

Occupational Asthma

A

Latent onset, temporal pattern, most common occupational lung disease

82
Q

Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome

A

No latency, exposure to irritable inhalants, majority will have persistent asthma

83
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Asbestos exposure, not related to smoking, restrictive PFTs, plaques

84
Q

Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (Black Lung)

A

Inflammation and fibrosis due to inhalation of coal mine dust, “dust macule”

85
Q

Silicosis

A

Calcified mediastinal nodes, progresses to include upper lobes, lungs fill with protein fluid, total lung lavage

86
Q

Chronic Beryllium Disease

A

Granulomatous, latent, restrictive PFTs, BeLPT in blood

87
Q

Laryngomalacia

A

Benign congenital disease, most common cause of persistent stridor in kids, usually resolve spontaneously

88
Q

Croup

A

Caused primarily by viruses, barking cough, fever usually absent or low grade, if it progresses to stridor at rest pts require nebulized epi and glucocorticos

89
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Medical emergency, caused by H. influenzae B, sudden onset of fever, sniffing dog position, drooling, dysphagia, need immediate intubation

90
Q

Bacterial Tracheitis

A

Usually caused by S. aureus, develop fever and upper airway obstruction, copious purulent tracheal secretions, intubate

91
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

RSV most common cause, rhinorrhea, wheezing, clinical diagnosis of URI, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, best treatment is prevention

92
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A

30% of infants with birth weight

Pulmonary (2 decks)

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