Diseases Flashcards
West Nile Pathogen
RNA virus (flavivirus)
West Nile Vector
sylvanic: culex
host: many
West Nile Reservoir
Birds
West Nile Outcome
West Nile fever or encephalitis in humans
West Nile Incubation
2-14 days post-bite, up to 21
West Nile Treatment
supportive
Bridge Vector
a different species than in sylvan cycle that takes pathogen from sylvan cycle to alternate host
Vector Competency
how well the vector and reservoir can both acquire and pass the pathogen to the host
Antigen
foreign invader that causes immune response
antibody
immune systems fighter against antigen
IgM
immunoglbin (mu): short term antibody [current infection]
IgG
Immunoglobulin (gamma): long term [past infection]
MIR
Minimum infection rate (minimum infected vectors in area) # pathogen positives/ total # tested x100
SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism (single nucleotide variations in individuals)
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
West Nile Sylvanic Cycle
Culex to Birds
West Nile Bridge Vector
ex: aedes japonicus, but many
LaCrosse Pathogen
RNA virus (bunyavirus)
LaCrosee Vector
sylvanic/host: Aedes triseriatus (container breeder)
LaCrosse Reservoir
chipmunks/squirrels
LaCrosse Sylvanic Cycle
A. triseriatus and chipmunks & pathogen is passed from female to eggs (transovarian transmission)
LaCrosse Incubation/ Treatment
5-15 days, supportive
LaCrosse Symptoms
fever, headache, nausea, fatigue, hemi-paralysis
Triple E Pathogen
RNA virus (alphavirus)
Triple E Vector
sylvanic: Culistea melanura
host: Coquillettidia perturbans
* need both to transmit
Triple E Reservoir
birds
Triple E Incubation/ Treatment
4-10 days, supportive
Triple Symptoms
fever, headaches, cyanoisis, anorexia
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Pathogen
Gram Negative Bacteria: Rickettsia rickettsii
RMSF Vector
sylvanic/host: Dermacentor variabilis
2nd: two other species
- transmission from mother tick to eggs most often
RMSF Reservoir
wild rodents
RMSF Sylvanic cycle
Dermacentor variabilis to rodents
RMSF incubation/ treatment
2-14 days, Doxycycline
Lyme Pathogen
spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi)- no gram stains so use polarized light
Lyme Vector
sylvanic/host: Ixodes scapularis
Lyme Reservoir
Peromyscus leucopus (white footed mouse)
Lyme Incubation/ Treatment
~7 days, Doxycycline, longer treatment to get hiding spirochetes
Lyme Symptoms
myalgia, chronic arthritis, bell’s palsy, bulls-eye rash
Lyme Testing
Two tired test:
1st- enzyme test, if positive go to second (EIA)
2nd- IgM/IgG test
