Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Medicine > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammation of the airways. Either extrinsic (caused by external cause like dust mite) or intrinsic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(Acute) Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the large bronchi usually caused by virus or bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

chronically poor airflow due to constant infection which produces mucus, which worsens over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Emphysema

A

gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oesophageal varices

A

Enlarged veins in lowr oesophagus (slokdarm). Associated with serious liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid in the pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the pleural space (klaplong)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs (alveoli) (longontsteking).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Thrombus in the pulmonary arterial system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rhinitis

A

seasonal hay fever. Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation associated with mucosal injury in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

/Gallstones

stones in gallbladder, just below liver. Two types: cholesterol, and bile pigment (bilirubin) stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coeliac disease

A

gluten triggers immune response in small intestine. This causes inflammation and damage, leading to malabsorption (less nutrient intake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

type 1: more common in young, insulin-dependent, pancreas produces much less insulin; type 2: more common in old, noninsulin-dependent, body becomes resistant to insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diabetes ketoacidosis

A

body is not able to produce insulin, breaks down fat and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diabetes retinopathy

A

complication that affect the eye. Damage to blood vessels on retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diabetes nephropathy

A

diabetic kidney disease. Damage to the blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diabetes neuropathy

A

damage to peripheral nerves (between brain and central nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

A

stomach acid flows back and irritates the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver by highly contagious liver infection by hepatitis virus., HepA does not cause long-term damage. HepB and HepC are the most dangerous ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

overactive thyroid produces too much hormone thyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

under active thyroid does not produces enough of certain hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

chronic inflammation of whole digestive tract. Includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

an IBD. Causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

an IBD that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A

common disorder that affects large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Liver cirrhosis

A

late-stage scarring of liver due to other liver diseases (cryptogenic when no cause found)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

open sores in oesophagus, stomach, and the upper portion of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Perforated ulcers

A

complication of peptic ulcer disease - untreated ulcer can burn through the wall of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pancreatitis

A

inflammation of pancreas. Pancreas is situated behind stomach in upper abdomen. Secretes digestive juices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Leads to dementia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Parkinson (idiopathic)

A

progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects your movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

causes sudden weakness in your facial muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Epilepsy

A

disruption of nerve cell activity in the brain, causing seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Very much like a stroke but lasts only a few minutes and causes no permanent damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Brain/cerebral infarction

A

Ischemic stroke (short) resulting from a blockage in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Brain/cerebral haemorrhage

A

Bleeding out of brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

bleeding into the subarachnoid space. More between the layers of the brain tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Migraine

A

extreme headache that can last for hours to days.

40
Q

Neurogenic claudication

A

This is a symptom: painful cramping or weakness in the legs.

41
Q

Meningitis / encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.

42
Q

(Poly) neuropathy

A

damage of peripheral nerves (sensing) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body.

43
Q

Anaemia

A

Decrease of red blood cells thus amount of haemoglobin.

44
Q

Arterial and venous thrombosis (slagader en ader)

A

formation of a blood clot.

45
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Sudden loss of heart function due to electrical disturbance.

46
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias

A

irregular heart beat due to electrical disturbance.

47
Q

(Congestive) heart failure

A

Weakened heart pumping power.

48
Q

Coronary artery disease(CAD)/ Ischemic heart disease (IHD)

A

Main blood vessels to the heart get damaged.

49
Q

Hyperlipidaemia / Hyper-cholesterolemia

A

elevated levels lipids in blood

50
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure.

51
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

heart attack. Flow of blood to heart is blocked.

52
Q

Pericarditis

A

swelling and irritation of the pericardium (membrane surrounding the heart)

53
Q

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/ vascular disease

A

narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs.

54
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

/ Valvular heart disease. Damage or defect in one of the four heart valves.

55
Q

Sudden cardiac death

A

very often due to ventricular fibrillation. This is the one that needs an electrical shock.

56
Q

cystitis

A

Urinary tract infection / inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection

57
Q

Candidiasis

A

inflammation of vagina due to vaginal yeast infection

58
Q

Trachoma

A

Chlamydia trachomatis infection / STD. Causing inflamations in sex organs and also problems with the eye.

59
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli)

60
Q

Gonorrhoeal disease

A

infection caused STD bacterium. Usually affects the urethra, rectum or throat. In females, also the cervix.

61
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus infection

A

genital herpes

62
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

63
Q

Prostatitis

A

Swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland located directly below the bladder in men.

64
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Kidney infection generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys.

65
Q

Renal disease

A

kidney failure

66
Q

nephrolithiasis / Renal calculi / urolithiasis

A

Kidney stones

67
Q

Syphilis

A

Bacterial STD, Treponema pallidum

68
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis infection

A

STD

69
Q

Breast disease

A

(benign, malignant, ductal and lobular carcinoma, inherited breast cancer)

70
Q

Benign prostate hypertrophy

A

benign increase in size of the prostate.

71
Q

Brain tumour: Glioma

A

Tumour that starts in the brain or spine.

72
Q

Brain tumour: Meningioma

A

tumour that starts in the meninges (membrane surrounding the central nervous system).

73
Q

Carcinoma

A

Type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells (most organs).

74
Q

Colorectal carcinoma

A

Colon / rectum cancer.

75
Q

Gastric cancer

A

(stomach cancer)

76
Q

Liver carcinoma

A

duh

77
Q

Lung carcinoma

A

duh

78
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Rare cancer that occurs in the thin layer of tissue that covers the majority of your internal organs (mesothelium).

79
Q

Oesophageal cancer

A

(slokdarm)

80
Q

Pancreas carcinoma

A

(alvleesklier) Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones.

81
Q

Prostate carcinoma

A

duh

82
Q

Renal and Urothelial carcinoma

A

Renal = kidney. (Urothelial is type of epithelium that lines the urinary tract)

83
Q

Osteoporosis (Rheumatology)

A

brittle bones

84
Q

Tinnitus

A

noise or ringing in the ears

85
Q

Tuberculosis

A

infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs

86
Q

Depression

A

mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest

87
Q

Premature menopause

A

duh

88
Q

Spinal cord compression

A

Compression of the spinal cord due to bone fragments, tumour, abscess, hernia or other lesion.

89
Q

Lumbago

A

(mechanical lower back pain)

90
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder

91
Q

Hernia nucleus pulposus

A

A tear in the outer spinal ring allows the soft central portion to bulge out.

92
Q

Torsio testis/testicular torsion

A

reduced blood flow to testicle due to rotation of the spermatic cord.

93
Q

Varicocele

A

Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum.

94
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

infection of the uterus, follopian tubes and possibly ovaries.

95
Q

Pick’s disease

A

Rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain.

96
Q

Renal insufficiency

A

(kidney can no longer function 100%)

General Medicine (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions