Diseases Flashcards
Asthma
Chronic inflammation of the airways. Either extrinsic (caused by external cause like dust mite) or intrinsic.
(Acute) Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large bronchi usually caused by virus or bacteria.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
chronically poor airflow due to constant infection which produces mucus, which worsens over time.
Emphysema
gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs.
Oesophageal varices
Enlarged veins in lowr oesophagus (slokdarm). Associated with serious liver disease
Pleural effusion
Fluid in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space (klaplong)
Pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs (alveoli) (longontsteking).
Pulmonary embolism
Thrombus in the pulmonary arterial system
Rhinitis
seasonal hay fever. Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose.
Gastritis
Inflammation associated with mucosal injury in the stomach
Cholelithiasis
/Gallstones
stones in gallbladder, just below liver. Two types: cholesterol, and bile pigment (bilirubin) stones
Coeliac disease
gluten triggers immune response in small intestine. This causes inflammation and damage, leading to malabsorption (less nutrient intake)
Diabetes Mellitus
type 1: more common in young, insulin-dependent, pancreas produces much less insulin; type 2: more common in old, noninsulin-dependent, body becomes resistant to insulin
Diabetes ketoacidosis
body is not able to produce insulin, breaks down fat and muscles
Diabetes retinopathy
complication that affect the eye. Damage to blood vessels on retina
Diabetes nephropathy
diabetic kidney disease. Damage to the blood vessels.
Diabetes neuropathy
damage to peripheral nerves (between brain and central nervous system)
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)
stomach acid flows back and irritates the oesophagus
Hepatitis
inflammation of liver by highly contagious liver infection by hepatitis virus., HepA does not cause long-term damage. HepB and HepC are the most dangerous ones
Hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid produces too much hormone thyroxine
Hypothyroidism
under active thyroid does not produces enough of certain hormones
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
chronic inflammation of whole digestive tract. Includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease
an IBD. Causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract
Ulcerative colitis
an IBD that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in digestive tract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
common disorder that affects large intestine
Liver cirrhosis
late-stage scarring of liver due to other liver diseases (cryptogenic when no cause found)
Peptic ulcer disease
open sores in oesophagus, stomach, and the upper portion of the small intestine
Perforated ulcers
complication of peptic ulcer disease - untreated ulcer can burn through the wall of the stomach
Pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas. Pancreas is situated behind stomach in upper abdomen. Secretes digestive juices.
Alzheimer’s disease
Leads to dementia.
Parkinson (idiopathic)
progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects your movement.
Bell’s Palsy
causes sudden weakness in your facial muscles.
Epilepsy
disruption of nerve cell activity in the brain, causing seizures.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Very much like a stroke but lasts only a few minutes and causes no permanent damage.
Brain/cerebral infarction
Ischemic stroke (short) resulting from a blockage in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain.
Brain/cerebral haemorrhage
Bleeding out of brain.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
bleeding into the subarachnoid space. More between the layers of the brain tissue.
Migraine
extreme headache that can last for hours to days.
Neurogenic claudication
This is a symptom: painful cramping or weakness in the legs.
Meningitis / encephalitis
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
(Poly) neuropathy
damage of peripheral nerves (sensing) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body.
Anaemia
Decrease of red blood cells thus amount of haemoglobin.
Arterial and venous thrombosis (slagader en ader)
formation of a blood clot.
Cardiac arrest
Sudden loss of heart function due to electrical disturbance.
Cardiac arrhythmias
irregular heart beat due to electrical disturbance.
(Congestive) heart failure
Weakened heart pumping power.
Coronary artery disease(CAD)/ Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
Main blood vessels to the heart get damaged.
Hyperlipidaemia / Hyper-cholesterolemia
elevated levels lipids in blood
Hypertension
High blood pressure.
Myocardial infarction
heart attack. Flow of blood to heart is blocked.
Pericarditis
swelling and irritation of the pericardium (membrane surrounding the heart)
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/ vascular disease
narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs.
Rheumatic heart disease
/ Valvular heart disease. Damage or defect in one of the four heart valves.
Sudden cardiac death
very often due to ventricular fibrillation. This is the one that needs an electrical shock.
cystitis
Urinary tract infection / inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection
Candidiasis
inflammation of vagina due to vaginal yeast infection
Trachoma
Chlamydia trachomatis infection / STD. Causing inflamations in sex organs and also problems with the eye.
Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli)
Gonorrhoeal disease
infection caused STD bacterium. Usually affects the urethra, rectum or throat. In females, also the cervix.
Herpes Simplex Virus infection
genital herpes
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Prostatitis
Swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland located directly below the bladder in men.
Pyelonephritis
Kidney infection generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys.
Renal disease
kidney failure
nephrolithiasis / Renal calculi / urolithiasis
Kidney stones
Syphilis
Bacterial STD, Treponema pallidum
Trichomonas vaginalis infection
STD
Breast disease
(benign, malignant, ductal and lobular carcinoma, inherited breast cancer)
Benign prostate hypertrophy
benign increase in size of the prostate.
Brain tumour: Glioma
Tumour that starts in the brain or spine.
Brain tumour: Meningioma
tumour that starts in the meninges (membrane surrounding the central nervous system).
Carcinoma
Type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells (most organs).
Colorectal carcinoma
Colon / rectum cancer.
Gastric cancer
(stomach cancer)
Liver carcinoma
duh
Lung carcinoma
duh
Mesothelioma
Rare cancer that occurs in the thin layer of tissue that covers the majority of your internal organs (mesothelium).
Oesophageal cancer
(slokdarm)
Pancreas carcinoma
(alvleesklier) Secretes digestive enzymes and hormones.
Prostate carcinoma
duh
Renal and Urothelial carcinoma
Renal = kidney. (Urothelial is type of epithelium that lines the urinary tract)
Osteoporosis (Rheumatology)
brittle bones
Tinnitus
noise or ringing in the ears
Tuberculosis
infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs
Depression
mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
Premature menopause
duh
Spinal cord compression
Compression of the spinal cord due to bone fragments, tumour, abscess, hernia or other lesion.
Lumbago
(mechanical lower back pain)
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder
Hernia nucleus pulposus
A tear in the outer spinal ring allows the soft central portion to bulge out.
Torsio testis/testicular torsion
reduced blood flow to testicle due to rotation of the spermatic cord.
Varicocele
Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
infection of the uterus, follopian tubes and possibly ovaries.
Pick’s disease
Rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain.
Renal insufficiency
(kidney can no longer function 100%)
