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REHS > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus cerus
(fried rice syndrome)

A
  • emetic (vomiting) = 1-6 hours
  • diarrhea = 10-16 hours
  • improperly cooled rice/starchy foods
  • heat labile (diarrhea) + heat stable (vomiting)
  • facultative bacteria; soil bacteria
  • spore forming
    we B. Cerious about our rice
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2
Q

Clostridium botulinum
(floppy baby syndrome)

A
  • 4-36 hours
  • improperly canned foods/dented/improperly packaged ROP/garlic in oil
  • soil bacteria; anaerobic bacteria
  • spores destroyed at 240F for 35 minutes
  • neurotoxin
  • types of toxins
    a/b= soiled vegetables
    c= birds, turtles, and horses
    d= cattle sheep
    e= canned seafood products
    g= sudden death
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3
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
(listeriosis)

A
  • Gastrointestinal = 9-48 hours
  • soft cheeses, deli meat, sushi
  • spontaneous abortion
  • can grow in low temps (35F)
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4
Q

Clostridium perfringens
(cafeteria bug)

A
  • 8-16 hours
  • improperly cooled beans (lard cap –> anaerobic)
  • soil bacteria, anaerobic bacteria
  • intoxication, exotoxin
  • spore forming
  • highly heat labile
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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
(most common foodborne intoxication)

A
  • 1-8 hours
  • unrefrigerated/improper holding temperatures –> picnic food
  • on your skin naturally
  • Gram negative
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6
Q

Ciguatera poisoning
(ciguatoxin)

A
  • 6-8 hours
  • large reef fish that consume dinoflagellates (filter feeders)
  • barracuda, grouper, red snapper, moray eel, amberjack, sea bass, Spanish mackerel
  • numbness/tingling
  • heat stable
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7
Q

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

A
  • 10-30 minutes
  • saxitoxin
  • prickly lips/tongue
  • red tide (May-October) –> Gonyaulax Catenella
  • consuming shellfish/mussels
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8
Q

Scombroid poisoning
(histamine toxin)

A
  • immediate-30 minutes
  • peppery/metallic taste
  • tuna, mahi, mackerel, bonito - spiny fish
  • picking a good fish: not stinky, eyes glossy/fresh, not slimy, flash frozen to kill parasites
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9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni
(most prevalent foodborne illness)

A
  • 2-4 days
  • most prevalent foodborne illness & cause of diarrhea in the U.S.
  • raw/undercooked beef/poultry, unpasteurized milk & untreated water
  • soil bacteria
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10
Q

Escherichia Coli
(Enterohemorrhagic) 0157:H7

A
  • 1-8 days
  • Shigatoxin, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
  • undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, raw vegetables
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome from shigatoxin (kidney failure –> jaundice)
  • bloody stool
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11
Q

Leptospira interrogans
(Leptospirosis & Weil’s disease)

A
  • 4-19 days
  • rat urine in food, open skin contact
  • UV light detects urine
  • bacteria
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12
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
(Listeriosis)

A
  • 2-30 days
  • soft cheeses, deli meats, smoked fish
  • spontaneous abortion
  • bacteria
  • resistant to heat, cold, drying, salt
  • grows between 37F-130F
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13
Q

Salmonella typhi
(Typhoid fever–> Typhoid Mary)

A
  • 8-14 days
  • direct human contact with patient/carrier, shellfish, raw fruits/vegetables
  • may be asymptomatic
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14
Q

Salmonella typhimurium
(Salmonella enteritis)
(most common foodborne infection)

A
  • 1-3 days
  • contamination of raw vegetables, poultry, eggs
  • aerobic bacteria
  • destroyed over 130F
  • grows between 41F-116F
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15
Q

Shigella dysenteriae
(Bacillary dysentery)

A
  • 24-48 hours
  • ice on cruise ships BUT more diarrhea
  • fecal/oral food and water
  • vomiting in some cases
  • bloody stools
  • aerobic bacteria
  • heat labile
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16
Q

Norovirus
(Winter vomiting bug, Norwalk virus)

A
  • 24-36 hours
  • most common cause of gastroenteritis
  • ice on cruise ships BUT more vomiting, undercooked shellfish
  • common in community settings
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17
Q

Trichinella spiralis
(Trichinosis, Pork worm)

A
  • 1-2 days
  • undercooked pork
  • transmission parasitic infection
  • redness on eyelids & inner eye infection
  • roundworms move in your body
  • nematode parasite; intestinal roundworm
  • freeze mets below 13F for more than 10 days to destroy cysts
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18
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
(Amebiasis, Amebic dysentery)

A
  • 2-4 weeks
  • ovacyst, raw veggies, flies
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19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
(Roundworm)

A
  • 2 months
  • contaminate soil & raw veggies, dust inhalation
  • infects small intestine, lung infections, migrates to organs
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20
Q

Cryptosporidium
(Day Care Disease)

A
  • 2-10 days
  • swimming pools & toys at daycares
  • watery diarrhea
  • resist chlorination in day water
  • occasionally found at daycares
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21
Q

Giardia Lamblia
(Day Care disease & Hikers disease)

A
  • 6-22 days
  • contaminated drinking water
  • daycare employees
  • loose pale stools
  • upper small bowel and cyst
  • common in lakes and rivers
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22
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis
(Enterobiasis & Pinworm)

A
  • 3-6 weeks
  • anal itching
  • fecal/oral
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23
Q

Taenia spp.
(Taeniasis & Tapeworm)

A
  • 8-14 weeks
    i. Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
    migrates to central nervous system
    ii. Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
    typically stays in digestive tract, can travel
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24
Q

Vibrio cholerae
(Cholera)

A
  • 24-72 hours
  • contaminated food, water, shellfish; sewage
  • rice water stools
  • aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria
  • labile enterotoxin
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25
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP)

A
  • 2-48 hours
  • raw or undercooked seafood
  • labile enterotoxin (withstands 140F up to 15 mins)
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26
Q

Vibrio vulnificus (VV)

A
  • 1-7 days
  • raw oysters
  • seafood in warm water
  • fatal with liver disease
  • lesions on extremities –> amputation
  • grows between 68F-104F
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27
Q

Rickettsia burneti
(Coxiella burnetii; Q-fever)

A
  • 14-21 days
  • raw milk from infected cow
  • most heat resistant indicator of pasteurized milk –> if still present after pasteurization, then pasteurization was not successful
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28
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes
(Strep Throat, Scarlet Fever)

A
  • 1-3 days
  • airborne droplets w/food or milk
  • contact with mucous from infected host
  • toxic shock-like syndrome & swollen lymph nodes
  • causes Bovine mastitis
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29
Q

Poliovirus
(Poliomyelitis)

A
  • 3-6 days onset for nonparalytic, 7-21 days onset for paralytic
  • fecal/oral or droplets from sneeze/cough
  • no cure, only vaccine
  • paralysis (most severe symptom)
30
Q

Rickettsia Prowazekii

A
  • (Jailhouse fever, Typhus fever, Epidemic typhus)
  • ~12 days
  • louse (Pediculus humanus) poops in wound
  • killed most of Napoleon troops
  • common in community living
31
Q

Rickettsia Typhi
(Rickettsia mooseri, Endemic typhus, Murine typhus)

A
  • 6-14 days
  • bite of infected Oriental rat flea (Xenophylla cheopis) on roof rat or norway rat
  • milder symptoms than epidemic typhus
  • typically in temperatures under 85F
32
Q

Rickettsia Rickettsii
(Rocky mountain spotted fever)

A
  • 3-10 days
  • bite of infected wood/dog tick (Dermacentor Andersonii)
  • rash spreads
33
Q

Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi
(Scrub typhus & Mite borne typhus)

A
  • 10-12 days
  • bite of infected larval mite (chigger)
  • pushed out skin ulcer and bloodshot eyes
34
Q

Borrelia Recurrentis
(Relapsing fever)

A
  • ~8 days
  • infected tick/louse (Pediculus humanus) at bite wound or open skin abrasion
  • fever relapses
35
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi
(Lyme disease)

A
  • ~7 days
  • bite of a deer tick
  • bullseye rash (concentric rings)
36
Q

Yersinis Pestis
(Bubonic plague, Pneumonic plague = Black death)

A
  • 2-6 days
  • Infected Oriental rate flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)
    i. Bubonic = causes buboes swollen lymph nodes
    ii. Septicemic = plague causing gangrene
    iii. Pneumonic = highly contagious affects respiratory system
37
Q

Alphavirus

A

a. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
- 4-10 days
- infected Culiseta melanura from birds and rodents
- brain dysfunction —> coma –> death
- meningitis

b. Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
- 5-10 days
- infected Culex tarsalis mosquito from birds and rodents
- paralysis –> coma –> death
- meningitis

38
Q

Flavivirus

A

a. St. Louis Encephalitis
- 5-15 days
- infected Culex tarsalis or Culex pipens from birds and rodents
- meningitis

b. West Nile Virus
- 2-14 days
- infected Culex tarsalis from birds and rodents
- joint pain, fever, vomiting

c. Yellow Fever (hemorrhagic fever)
- 3-6 days
- infected Aedes spp. or Haemagogus spp.
- jaundice, organ failure, bleeding

d. Zika Virus
- 3-14 days
- infected Aedes
- can be passed through pregnancy
- can cause birth defects

e. Dengue
- 4-10 days
- infected Aedes
- kinda like a cold, 1 in 4 persons affected
- makes your bones ache

39
Q

Coltivirus
(Colorado Tick Fever)

A
  • 4-5 days
  • bite of an infected ADULT tick (wood tick Dermacentor Andersoni)
  • rodents = main reservoir
  • fever recurring 2-3 days
  • dengue-like without rash
40
Q

Leishmania
(Leishmaniasis)

A
  • no incubation period
  • bite of an infected sandfly
  • bumps/lumps, skin sores, ulcers, affects internal organs
41
Q

Onchocera volvulus

A
  • (Onchocerciasis, River Blindness, Parasitic Worm)
  • 1-2 years
  • bite of an infected black fly
    • breed in moving water
  • blindness and visual impairment if microfilariae reach eyes
  • Nodules (filarial worms)
42
Q

Plasmodium vivax
(Malaria, Falciparum = Malignant Tertian Malaria & Cerebral Malaria)

A
  • 12-14 days
  • bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito
  • Falciparum (most lethal)
43
Q

Trypanosoma Cruzi

A
  • (Chagas Disease, American Trypanosomiasis, Kissing Bug Disease)
  • bite of an infected triatomine bug - poops at location of bite wound
  • swelling at bite area, may result in severe inflammation of heart muscle or brain
  • like to bite around mouth and lips
44
Q

Trypanosmoa Gambiense

A
  • African Sleeping Sickness & African Trypanosomiasis
  • bite of an infected Tsetse fly
  • muscle/joint aches, affects central nervous system causing possible partial paralysis
45
Q

Wuchereria Bancrofti

A
  • (Wucheriasis & Filariasis & Roundworm)
  • bite of an infected Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles mosquito
  • causes Elephantiasis, lymph enlargement of extremities
46
Q

Sarcoptes Scabiei

A
  • (Scabies)
  • 1-4 days
  • transfers from clothing to bedding by infected host
  • sexual contact with infected host
  • skin lesions around finger webs, wrists, elbows, belt line, and external genital areas
  • infected through scratching
47
Q

Chlamydia psittaci
(Psittacosis & Parrot Fever)

A
  • 4-15 days
  • inhalation of infected bird discharge (any discharge)
48
Q

Legionella pneumophila
(Legionnaires disease & Pontiac fever)

A
  • 2-10 days
  • water droplets from AC units, misting systems & cooling towers
  • if no pneumonia –> Pontiac fever
49
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • (Tuberculosis)
  • 4-6 weeks
  • from overcrowding & poor ventilated areas
  • coughing blood & chest pain
50
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A
  • (Anthrax & Wool Sorter’s disease)
  • 1-5 days
  • from dry soil and contaminated sheep
  • upper respiratory attack
  • treat hide with 10% formalin solution to get rid of anthrax
  • spore former
51
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A
  • (Blastomycosis & GilChrist’s disease)
  • 7-30 days
  • from inhaled dust
  • affects prostate and visceral organs
  • yeast fungus
  • spore former
52
Q

Coccidiodes immitis

A
  • (Valley & Desert fever)
  • 1-3 weeks
  • from inhaled soil/vegetation during wind and dust storms
  • soil fungus
  • spore former
53
Q

Brucella abortus
(Brucellosis & Veterinarian’s disease)

A
  • 5-21 days
  • improperly pasteurized milk
    i. Humans –> Undulant fever
    ii. Cattle –> Bang’s disease
    iii. Dogs –> Kennel cough
54
Q

Hantavirus
(Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome)

A
  • 5-42 days; avg 12-16 days
  • inhaled rodent (Deer mice) urine/fecal
  • bloody discharge & kidney disorder
  • affects the lungs
55
Q

Histoplasmosis capsulatum
(Darling’s disease)

A
  • 5-18 days
  • inhaled bat urine/poop or chicken coops
  • causes lung lesions
  • soil fungus; yeast fungus
56
Q

Francis Tularensis
(Tularemia & Rabbit/Deer fly fever)

A
  • 1-10 days
  • Wood/dog ticks from rabbits or bite of deer fly
  • infected lymph nodes
57
Q

Hepatitis A
(infectious hepatitis)

A
  • 30 day onset
  • foodborne fecal/oral - oysters/clams near sewage
  • light colored stool
  • liver necrosis –> jaundice
58
Q

Hepatitis B
(serum hepatitis)

A
  • bloodborne from contaminated hypodermic needles
  • liver infection & liver cirrhosis –> jaundice
59
Q

Hepatitis C
(serum hepatitis)

A
  • bloodborne from contaminated hypoderic needles
  • jaundice & liver failure
60
Q

Hepatitis E

A
  • fecal/oral from contaminated water
  • inflammation of liver, jaundice
61
Q

Lentivirus
(HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
(AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

A
  • from exchange of human bodily fluids
  • retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell
  • two treatments to prevent HIV
    1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
    2. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
62
Q

Rabies
(Lyssavirus)

A
  • 3-6 weeks
  • infected animal with contaminated claws/bite (bats, skunks, dogs, fox)
  • causes hydrophobia, foaming of the mouth, throat spasms
  • vaccine = DEV (Duck Embryo Virus) or RIG (Rabies Immunoglobulin)
  • can check brain for Negri bodies after death
  • once symptoms are present it’s too late, death is certain
63
Q

Toxoplasma gondii
(Taxoplasmosis)

A
  • from cat feces & contaminated food
  • makes you love your cat more
64
Q

Ancylostome duodenale and Necator americanus

A
  • (Ancylostomiasis, Necatoriasis, Hook worm)
  • 7-10 days (hatch), 1 month (maturity)
  • infected human feces, bores into humans foot when stepping on dirt, eggs can survive waste water treatment, sludge digestion
  • anemia, intestinal bleeding and blockages
  • ancylo –> hook in Spanish
65
Q

Schistosome spp.
(Schistosomiasis, Swimmer’s itch, Flatworm, Blood Fluke)

A
  • 4-6 weeks
  • Fresh water snails –> birds eat them –> birds poop in water –> contaminated fresh water
  • rash, itchy skin, chronic –> enlarged liver
66
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • 1-5 days
  • saunas, swimming pools, inadequately chlorinated hot tubs
  • rash, ear infection
67
Q

Candida albicans
(Candida tropicalis-more pathogenic, thrush, Moniliasis, Candidiasis)

A
  • 2-5 days
  • contact with excretions from infected person
  • fungal infection on skin or mucous membranes, ulcers, in the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract or bladder, produces lesions in organs
68
Q

Microsporum and Trichophyon
(Athlete’s Foot; Ringworm)

A
  • Ringworm is not a real worm –> fungal
  • direct or indirect contact with infected person, contaminated floors and shower stalls (athlete’s foot)
  • cracking skin, moist, or dry cracking lesions
69
Q

Anasakiasis
(Roundworm)

A
  • few hours
  • infected raw fish, undercooked fish
  • bloody stool, anaphylaxis
  • worms can attach to esophagus and tickle back of throat
70
Q

Vesicular Exanthema

A
  • from garbage that is fed to pigs
  • cook garbage to 212F for 30 mins

REHS (3 decks)

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