Diseases Flashcards
How does Bacteria reproduce?
It splits in half every once in a while (around 20 minutes).
How does Bacteria damage its host?
When it splits in half, it creates toxins which can be very dangerous.
What is it called when Bacteria splits?
When Bacteria splits, it is called ‘Binary Fission’.
How does a Virus reproduce?
They attach to cells and inject DNA into it, tricking it so it creates more Virus cells.
How does a Virus damage its host?
When the cell it has attached to creates too many Virus cells, it bursts, releasing the Virus to burst more cells.
How to treat Bacteria?
Can be easily stopped with antibiotics.
How to treat a Virus?
Can only be prevented.
How can Diseases spread (Give 5 examples)?
- Food and Drink
- Blood Transfer
- Coughing / Sneezing
- Sexually
- Indirect Contact
- Contact
- Biting
- Pregnancy
Name two types of diseases (Give 3 examples).
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Parasites
How can we prevent diseases from spreading (Give 4 reasons)?
- Washing hands, basic hygiene.
- Vaccinations
- Antiseptics
- Development of Microscopes
- Isolation of infected individuals
- Destroying vectors
What cells does your body use to fight against bacteria?
White blood cells.
What are the two different types of white blood cells?
- Lymphocytes
2. Phagocytes
Who discovered Penicillin?
Alexander Fleming.
What are some antibiotics made of?
Some antibiotics are made of Penicillin.
What is penicillin?
A type of mould that kills bacteria.
Why are not all bacteria killed by antibiotics?
Some are more or less susceptible than other bacteria.
Why can bacteria come back even if you have taken antibiotics and symptoms have stopped?
As the stronger bacteria ,that can resist the effects of the antibiotics, that survives undetected starts to split again.
How can eyes defend from diseases?
Tears can clear out anything trapped in the eyes. They also have natural painkillers in them.
How can a nose defend from diseases?
Mucus in the nose can trap dirt, and can take out dead cells from the body.
How do white blood cells defend from diseases (both types)?
Lymphocytes: Fire antitoxins and antibodies to break down toxic substances in the body.
Phagocytes: Ingests microbes.
How can a stomach defend from diseases?
It contains hydrochloric acid, which burns most harmful diseases.
How can the body cover wounds?
Using platelets, that get trapped in open wounds and form scabs.
How does throwing up help the body defend from diseases?
Throwing up can remove toxins or harmful substances before they are fully ingested.
How can ears defend from diseases?
Ears produce earwax, which can trap dirt. Earwax also has antibacterial chemicals in it to prevent ear damage.
What does Benign mean in biology?
Benign means non-cancerous.
What does Malignant mean in biology?
Malignant means cancerous, which means it can spread to other parts of the body.
What do you need to know before taking medicine (Give 5 examples)?
- Whether you are allergic to it or any of the ingredients.
- How sick you are (dose size and frequency)
- Acknowledge side effects and how you might be effected.
- What type of illness you have.
- Is it addictive/safe?
- Whether it has been proven to work or not.
What is a Placebo in medicine?
A fake drug or medicine.
What are double-blind trials?
When neither doctors nor patients know who received the placebo and who didn’t. They are told afterwards in order for clear results.
Why are drugs so difficult to develop (Give 3 reasons)?
- The cost (can be up to £1,300 million)
- The amount of volunteers (an average of 3,680 people are needed)
- The time (can be up to 10 years, and a minimum of 7 years)
What does Malaria do once inside of a host?
It attacks red blood cells.
What effects can Malaria have on the body (Give 3 reasons)?
- Headaches
- Chills
- Blood loss
- Comas
- Death
