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PCAT FLASHCARDS > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Botulism

A

Botulinum from Clostridium sp. toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles. Causes muscle weakness

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2
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Antibodies block acetylcholine receptors. causes muscle weakness

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3
Q

Meningitis

A

Infection and inflammation of the meninges

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4
Q

pneumonia

A

Fluid accumulation in the alveoli interferes with gas exchange, leading to the lack of oxygen. This can lead to cyanosis, coughing, and breathing difficulty. Caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA bacteria (gram negative)

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5
Q

tuberculosis

A

An inflammatory reaction to pockets of bacteria in the lung triggers damage. Caused by MYCOBACTERIUM (uses acid-fast method because of its lipid/wax layer)

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6
Q

Pertussis (Whooping cough)

A

bacterial toxin damages the airways. caused by BORDATELLA bacteria (gram-negative)

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7
Q

Cystitis

A

bacterial infection of the bladder where the microbes travel up the urethra to get to the bladder then cause inflammation

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8
Q

Staphylococcus

A

causes infection on the skin/facultative anaerobe/gram positive

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9
Q

E coli

A

causes infection in the GI tract. Enteric/coliform. Gram negative. Shigella and salmonella are also bacterias that can have an effect on the GI tract

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10
Q

Malaria

A

plasmodium (protozoan) destroys RBC

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11
Q

giardiasis

A

aka bever fever. caused by giardia (protozoan) that infects the intestines

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12
Q

cryptosporidiosis

A

infection in the respiratory or intestinal tracts. causes diarrhea and is a parasite caused by cryptosporidium.

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13
Q

Sleeping sickness

A

caused by Trypanosoma (protozoan) which is caused by tse tse fly

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14
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

infection to pregnant women through cat fecus. caused by protozoan , toxoplasma

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15
Q

what two protozoans do photosynthesis?

A

cyanobacterium and euglena

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16
Q

which protozoan does photosynthesis and produces o2 through n2?

A

cyanobacterium

17
Q

ringworm

A

dermatophyte that breaks down keratin in your skin. caused by fungi such as epidermophyton and trichophyton.

18
Q

yeast infection

A

caused by candida that infects the mouth, intestines, vagina, etc. often seen in immunosuppressed patients

19
Q

trichinella

A

caused by eating undercooked meat such as pork. the cyst with is in the muscle. known as a parasite

20
Q

round hookworm

A

caused by undercooked meat and will drill holes into the skin. another parasite that does this is the fluke Schistosoma

21
Q

influenza virus

A

virus infection in the respiratory tract. they change the surface proteins through mutation. has H and N on envelopes.

22
Q

Mad cow disease

A

caused by prions that destroy the brain

23
Q

Varicella aka chickenpox

A

latent infection in nerve ganglia and causes shingles

24
Q

HPV (human papilloma virus)

A

causes warts and triggers excessive growth on the skin

25
Q

Hepatitis

A

mumps infect the parotid salivary glands, gastroenteritis. aka impacts the intestines.

26
Q

HIV

A

retrovirus. they use enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert RNA –> DNA. then the new DNA inserted into the host DNA

27
Q

autoimmunity

A

a type of immune disorder where the immune system attacks and damages part of the body example: graves disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc

28
Q

Tay-sach Disease

A

destroys the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Best to use gene therapy. genetic inheritance. absence of an enzyme that break down fat

29
Q

Anthrax

A

bacterial (bacillus) infection that causes. skin ulcers and trouble breathing.

30
Q

Cushing disease

A

hypercortisolism. Overproduction of cortisol in the blood from ACTH .

31
Q

Addison disease

A

hypocortisolism. adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones.

32
Q

Hashimoto disease

A

chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. immune system attacks the thyroid glands

33
Q

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

A

enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the edge. causes infrequent, prolonged menstrual cycles with excess male hormones (androgen)v

34
Q

Beriberi

A

vitamine b-1 deficiency . thiamine deficiency

35
Q

Rickets

A

osteomalacia. bone development in kids: weak bones.

36
Q

Deficiency in folate leads to

A

anemia. Folate is vitamin b-9 (water soluble) aids in protein metabolism and blood formation

37
Q

Pellagra

A

deficiency in vitamin b3 (niancin) results in dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea

PCAT FLASHCARDS (2 decks)

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