Diseases Flashcards
Botulism
Botulinum from Clostridium sp. toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles. Causes muscle weakness
Myasthenia gravis
Antibodies block acetylcholine receptors. causes muscle weakness
Meningitis
Infection and inflammation of the meninges
pneumonia
Fluid accumulation in the alveoli interferes with gas exchange, leading to the lack of oxygen. This can lead to cyanosis, coughing, and breathing difficulty. Caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA bacteria (gram negative)
tuberculosis
An inflammatory reaction to pockets of bacteria in the lung triggers damage. Caused by MYCOBACTERIUM (uses acid-fast method because of its lipid/wax layer)
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
bacterial toxin damages the airways. caused by BORDATELLA bacteria (gram-negative)
Cystitis
bacterial infection of the bladder where the microbes travel up the urethra to get to the bladder then cause inflammation
Staphylococcus
causes infection on the skin/facultative anaerobe/gram positive
E coli
causes infection in the GI tract. Enteric/coliform. Gram negative. Shigella and salmonella are also bacterias that can have an effect on the GI tract
Malaria
plasmodium (protozoan) destroys RBC
giardiasis
aka bever fever. caused by giardia (protozoan) that infects the intestines
cryptosporidiosis
infection in the respiratory or intestinal tracts. causes diarrhea and is a parasite caused by cryptosporidium.
Sleeping sickness
caused by Trypanosoma (protozoan) which is caused by tse tse fly
toxoplasmosis
infection to pregnant women through cat fecus. caused by protozoan , toxoplasma
what two protozoans do photosynthesis?
cyanobacterium and euglena
which protozoan does photosynthesis and produces o2 through n2?
cyanobacterium
ringworm
dermatophyte that breaks down keratin in your skin. caused by fungi such as epidermophyton and trichophyton.
yeast infection
caused by candida that infects the mouth, intestines, vagina, etc. often seen in immunosuppressed patients
trichinella
caused by eating undercooked meat such as pork. the cyst with is in the muscle. known as a parasite
round hookworm
caused by undercooked meat and will drill holes into the skin. another parasite that does this is the fluke Schistosoma
influenza virus
virus infection in the respiratory tract. they change the surface proteins through mutation. has H and N on envelopes.
Mad cow disease
caused by prions that destroy the brain
Varicella aka chickenpox
latent infection in nerve ganglia and causes shingles
HPV (human papilloma virus)
causes warts and triggers excessive growth on the skin
Hepatitis
mumps infect the parotid salivary glands, gastroenteritis. aka impacts the intestines.
HIV
retrovirus. they use enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert RNA –> DNA. then the new DNA inserted into the host DNA
autoimmunity
a type of immune disorder where the immune system attacks and damages part of the body example: graves disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc
Tay-sach Disease
destroys the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Best to use gene therapy. genetic inheritance. absence of an enzyme that break down fat
Anthrax
bacterial (bacillus) infection that causes. skin ulcers and trouble breathing.
Cushing disease
hypercortisolism. Overproduction of cortisol in the blood from ACTH .
Addison disease
hypocortisolism. adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones.
Hashimoto disease
chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. immune system attacks the thyroid glands
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the edge. causes infrequent, prolonged menstrual cycles with excess male hormones (androgen)v
Beriberi
vitamine b-1 deficiency . thiamine deficiency
Rickets
osteomalacia. bone development in kids: weak bones.
Deficiency in folate leads to
anemia. Folate is vitamin b-9 (water soluble) aids in protein metabolism and blood formation
Pellagra
deficiency in vitamin b3 (niancin) results in dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea
