Disease studied in session 1 Flashcards
clinical representation of demyelinating diseases
depending on whre myelin is attacked, display different neurological symptoms
models to study demyelination
i) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
ii) cuprizone
iii) lysolecithin (LPC
How does LPC work?
kill specific oligodendrocyte on site of injection
how does EAE work?
immune system in mice attacks myelin present randomly (no control over where the attack occurs)
types of stroke
i) ischemic (blockage of vessels)
ii) hemorrhagic (leakage of blood)
focal models for ischemic stroke
i) photothrombosis
ii) endothelin-1
how does photothrombosis work?
inject small molecule
–> vessels constrict and stroke occurs in that area
how does endothelin-1 work?
small peptide that causes constriction of vessels where it resides
widespread model for ischemic stroke
artery occulsion
how did ppl study recruitment of NSC in human V-SVZ?
immunostaining Ki67 for dividing cells, PSA-NCAM for neuroblast
–> see greater proliferation of NSC, neuroblast after ischemic injury
What happens after V-SVZ is activated in stroke models?
most new neurons cannot survive and response is short-lived
where does AD pathology first found?
entorhinal cortex (EC)
–> gateway to and from hippocampus
how does alzheimers disease develop?
i) amyloid beta forms plaques (outside of cell) –> impair neuronal function
ii) tau aggregates into neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) inside of cell
where are amyloid plaques found?
outside of cell
where are neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) found?
inside of cell
–> impair microtubule dependent process
describe results from using mice model for AD
use BrdU for labelling
–> way less BrdU + cells in mutant
–> less proliferation or survival of SGZ NSC
findings from human brain tissue of AD patient
with mRNA seq
–> fewer immature granule cells in AD brain
–> reduced neurogensis in AD
Transplantation studies for Parkinson’s disease
i) implant dopamine neurons into mice model
–> shown improvement
ii) allogenic transplant of dopamine progenitor cells (from iPSC) in patient
–> only one patient tho
iii) meta-analysis
–> NSC transplant improve cognition, lower amyloid beta deposition
iv) transplant human fetal NSC to hippocampus
–> no engraftment, but see reduced amyloid beta deposition
Drugs used to recruit NSC
metformin (diabetes drug)
