Disease Process (MCQ) Flashcards
What are microorganisms ?
They make up the natural microbiome in the human body, skin, mouth, GI tract, respiratory tract and genital tract, as a protective barrier to the body
These are classed an non-pathogenic and don’t cause disease
Classifications of microorganisms
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Describe a virus
Sever types of viruses that can affect the human body E.g the flu or covid19
Described as intracellular viruses, small in size, simpler then cells, cannot survive without a host cell
What is the structure of a virus ?
Genetic material - DNA + RNA
Protein coat (capsid)
Some have an outer envelope
What is bacteria ?
Classified as a single cell organism (unicellular), vary in size, shape and arrangement, they have no nucleus
List the structures of bacteria
Cell wall
Capsule
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Pili
Bacteria flangellum
What does the cell wall of bacteria do ?
Ridgid structure that protects the bacteria, gram negative or gram positive
Can be determined by gram straining
What does the capsule of bacteria do ?
Some bacteria have an external capsule outside the cell wall to protect against the hosts immune system and environmental factors
What does the plasma membrane do for the bacteria ?
This helps to control the movement of nutrients in and out of the cell, important in some cellular processes E.g metabolism for energy
What does the cytoplasm do for the bacteria ?
Contains chromosomes, ribosomes, DNA and RNA, important for exchange
What does the Pili do in bacteria ?
Microscopic hair that helps the bacteria to adhere to host cell and initiates the infection
What does the bacterial flangellum do ?
This helps the bacteria to move and steer towards/away from nutrients or harmful substances, enables mobility
What are the two types of toxins within a bacteria ?
Exotoxins and endotoxins
What are exotoxins ?
Released by bacteria during bacterial growth, damage cell membrane and inhibits protein synthesis
What are endotoxins ?
Contained in the cell wall of gram NEGATIVE bacteria, released on breakdown of the bacteria. They activate the inflammatory process causing fever, can activate the coagulation process
What are the two types of bacteria called ?
Gram POSITIVE and gram NEGATIVE
Describe the buildup of gram Positive bacteria
Inner most plasma membrane
Thick pepridoglycan layer
Outer capsule
Easier to treat with antibiotics