Disease Prevention and Control Flashcards
Living organisms or inanimate matter in which an infectious agent normally loves and multiplies on which the agent depends primarily for survival and reproduces itself in such manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host
Reservoir
Refers to the proportion of infected individuals who developed clinical apparent disease
Pathogenicity
Includes newly diagnosed people and people who were diagnosed in the post
Prevalence
Human capable of developing disease/an organism, usually human or animal, that harbors the disease
Host
- A cause is termed sufficient when it
inevitably produce initiates a disease - A condition or set of conditions that will
produce the event
Sufficient Cause
The process begins with the appropriate exposure or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in a susceptible hos
Stage of susceptibility
Incubation periods, life expectancy of the host or pathogen, duration of the course of illness or condition
Time
Any conditions which are necessary for the
completion of a sufficient case
Component Cause
Any harmful deviation from normal structural or functional state of organism, generally associated with certain signs and symptoms and differing in nature from physical injury
Disease/health problems
Preventable Causes of Disease
- Biological factors and behavioral factors
- Environmental factors
- Immunologic factors
- Nutritional factors
- Genetic factors
- Services, social factors, and spiritual
factors
Secondary
Arrest the progress (reduce the prevalence)
Model of transmission of infectious disease that links the factors of agent, host, and environment that are responsible for this transmission
Epidemiological triad
Age distribution, Gender distribution, and Make-up
distribution
Biology and genetics
Even if the environment is not okay, as long as you are responsible yourself, you are good
Individual behavior
Primary
Prevent the occurrence (reduce the incidence)
When the cases of disease no longer exist but one or more factors emits occurrence still persists
Elimination
- The disease process ends either in
recovery, disability, or death
Stage of recovery, disability, or death
Normal bacteria becomes opportunistic bacterial. Usage of antibiotic to prevent
Immunocompromised
Interrupting or slowing the progress of disorder or reducing the disability
Disease Prevention and Control
Reducing the likelihood that a disease or disorder will affect an individual
Disease Prevention and Control according to WHO
Policies at the local state and federal level affect population and health
Policy making
Natural history of disease in order
Stage of susceptibility
Stage of subclinical disease
Stage of clinical disease
Stage of Recovery, Disability, or Death
Affects functional state of an individual. A state of well being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities
Mental health
Tertiary
Prevent complications (reduce the CFR)
Infectious agent
Communicable disease
- Extending the time of exposure
Stage of subclinical disease
air, water, food, utensils
Vehicles (inanimate)
Reduce the magnitude of
disease/extent of disease
- Preventive behavior - Vaccination, vitamins, and lifestyle
- Medication – Consultation and
medication - Rehabilitation – PT and OT
Biological organisms capable of
causing disease/ the cause of disease
Agent
The favorable surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow the disease or allow disease transmission. Serves as reservoir and serves as intermediary agent of transmission
Environment
The access to health services and the quality of health services can impact health
Health services
Primordial
Laws & Policies
Refers to the proportion of clinical apparent cases of severe or fatal
Virulence
The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
Health determinants
Refers to the number of new cases
Incidents
- The onset of symptoms
- Most diagnoses are made in this stage
- Spectrum of disease
Stage of clinical disease
- If a disease cannot develop in its
absence. If A is absent, B cannot occur - A condition that must be prevent for an
event to occur
Necessary Cause
No more causative agent
Eradication
Represents all sufficient causes of a particular disease. An individual factors that contributes to cause disease is shown as a piece of a pie. After all the pieces of the pie fall into place, the pie is complete – and disease occurs.
Causal pie
Reflect the social factors and physical conditions of environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age. Social factors affect you as an individual
Social factors (social determinants)
Associated with signs or symptoms. Emotional response to a terrible event like accident, rape, or natural disaster
Trauma/Injury
insects, arthropods and animals
Vectors (animate)
Lifestyle diseases
Non-communicable disease
Cases of the disease and the
agent of the disease have been eliminated
Eradication
Strategies for Prevention
Risk assessment and intervention
