Disease of the skin Flashcards
Epidermis is part of what layer of the skin?
Upper
How is the epidermis beneficial to the body?
provides tightly packed skin and is an effective barrier
The dermis is the ….
layer below epidermis
Conduits for the skin are?
hair follicles
sweat and oil glands
Perspirations involves what?
moisture
how can perspiration inhibit microbes?
salt
Lysozyme hydrolyze peptidoglycan
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides
Can some microbes survive in perspiration/ moisture rich climates?
Many microbes can because it provides a nutrient source
What microbe is not inhibited by salt?
Staphylococcus
Are lysozymes bacteriocidal?
Yes
What are great nutrient rich moist areas for microbes to get into?
armpits and between toes
The name of small peptides?
defensins
What are some body cavities that mucous membranes line?
mouth, eyes, and nose
Normal microflora of skin is a hospitable environment?
It is not a hospitable environment
Dipthroids are pleomorphic meaning what?
ability of microorganisms to alter their morphology, biological functions or reproductive modes
What microbes metabolize sebum?
Propionibacterium acnes
corynebacterium likes what environment?
salty and dry- skin
Normal microbiota of skin are?
Gram +
Staphylococci
micrococci and Diphtheroid
What are not normally found on plates?
Micro colonies
Where are Staphlococci and microcoocci and diphthroids found?
crevices and cracked skin
Staphlococci shape clumps like what food?
grapes
What is a gram + and coagulase negative?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Is Staphylococcus epidermidis opportunistic?
Yes
What does coagulase do?
set enzyme reaction of fibrin clots
What do clots protect cell from?
phagocytes
What is Gram + cocci and coagulase postive?
S. aureus
20% permanent resident and 60% transient for nasal passage inhabitiant of S. aureus? T or F
True
Which microbe is MRSA resistant?
S. aureus
Leukocidins affect wbc and kill them. T or F
T
S. aureus is antibiotic resistant leukocidin exfoliative toxin super antigen T or F?
T
Exfoliative toxin do what?
cause skin sloughing, looks boiled(red) and tender
What a superantigen?
Hyperactive immune system that may lead to death
Process of Super antigen?
hyperactive immune system-leads to shock- death
T cell mediated and proteins are responsible for which microbe?
Staphylococoal aureus
Biofilms are composed of ?
proteins and polysaccharides
Biofilms are random?
Not random
Biofilms can be found on catheters. What do the bacteria in a biofilm do?
bacteria modifies the environment for the next bacteria
….. provides protection of antibiotic resistant biofilms?
develope
May appear as pimples. They are infections of the hair?
Folliculitis
Sty is what?
folliculitis of an eyelash
Boil is also known as and what is it?
AKA furuncle- pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
Which foliculitis is more serious?
furuncle
Inflammation of tissue under skin that occurs because of failure to wall off furuncle is called what?
Carbuncle
What does autoinnoculation ?
you spread it
Impetigo is not an autoinoculation nd what is it?
It is an autoinnoculation. It is crusting (nonbullous) sores caused by scratching
What is nonbullous impetego?
large patches
Scalded skin syndrome is caused by
exfoliation protein and bullous impetego
Impetego of the newborn is called
pemhigus neonatorum
Staphylocococal skin infections can cause
a toxic …….. ………..
shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome symptoms?
vomit, fever, sunburn reaction- progress to shock-organ failure
Streptococcus pyogenes is a recognized subgroups by?
lancefield
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci is partial or total?
total
Group …. is a serological type
A
Erysipelas is a
streptococal skin infection
Dermal infection
possible sepsis
starts with the face usually is which skin infection
Erysipelas
Impetego is also caused by what bacteria?
streptococcal
simple infection goes wrong quack and it is a flesh eating bacteria is called?
necrotizing fasciitis
Invasive group A streptocococal infection are
Necrotizing fascitis
STSS- streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
Necrotizing fasciitis involves non of the below?
Flesh eating bacteria
Certain M-protein type streptococci
Exotoxin A, superantigen
Involves all mentioned
It is often associated with necrotizing fasciitis
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
Exotoxin A is
super antigen- autoimmune like
Streptococcal TSS is less common than Staphylococal TSS
True
Which is more common in Bacteremia Staph or Strept?
Staph
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a
gram -
aeroibic rod
produces blue-green pus
pyocyanin
Pyocyanin metabolize variety of chemicals like, lots of antibiotic resistants and C= E source
disinfectants
Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes exotoxin which do what?
release toxin
Associated with pools, pool-type saunas and hot tubs?
Pseudomonas dermatitis
Otitis externa refers to what?
swimmers ear
indewlling medical devices common cause are
Pseudomonads
bleach are effective on psuedomonads
T or F
T
Pseudomonads like to target because they are opportunistic towards whom?
cystic fibrosis and burn victims
Post burn infections make have
blue-green pus
Sebum channels of hair follicles are blocked with shed skin cells are what type of acne?
Comedonal
comedo acne are
whiteheads
blackheads are
comedone form of acne
Name the Inflamatory acnes
Propionibacterium acnes
Propionibacterium acnes are
Gram +
anaerobic rod
Propionibacterium acne metabolism release fatty acids and blank response follows?
inflammatory
inflammatory response of fatty acids from propionibacterium acnes metabolism causes
pustules- low bumps and papules- raised red spots
isotretinoin- prevent sebum formation Accutane= teratogenic antibiotics- bactrim visible blue light- kills P. Benzoyl peroxide used to loosen clogged follicles treat what?
Acne
Cysts deep in the skin filled with pus
Often leave permanent physical scarring
Sometimes leads to psychological scarring too
are what ?
Nodular cystic acne
What is used to treat nodular cystic acne?
Accutane
Red eyes are always conjunctivitis?
No, may be allerigies
Conjunctivitis is also called are caused by
Haemophilus influenzae
Various microbes
Associated with unsanitary contact lenses
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Transmitted to a newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal.
Prevented by treatment of a newborn’s eyes with antibiotics
is what disease?
Neonatal gonorrheal opthalmia
What is the bacteria disease of the eye called?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Transmitted to a newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal
Spread through swimming pool water
Treated with tetracycline
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Trachoma is the leading
cause of blindness worldwide
Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness
Trachoma disease
