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Patho Exam 2 > Disease - clinical manifestations > Flashcards

Disease - clinical manifestations Flashcards

1
Q
  • Tight feeling in chest
  • Expiratory wheezing
  • Dyspena
  • Tachypnea
  • Pain with breathing
  • Non-productive cough
A

Early Phase Asthma

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2
Q

Severe Asthma Attack

A
  • Expiratory AND inspiratory wheezing
  • Worsening dyspnea with use of accessory muscles and retractions
  • Thick tenacious mucus
  • Productive cough
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypoxia

Pulsis Peridoxis

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3
Q

Persistent severe attack of asthma

  • Does not respond to usual therapy
  • Medical emergency
  • May be fatal due to severe hypoxia and acidosis
A

Status Asthmaticus

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4
Q

-Dyspnea
-Hyperventilation with prolonged expiratory phase
-Barrel Chest
-Pink puffer
-Pursed lip breathing
-Anorexia
-Weight Loss
-Fatigue
(Pulmonary HTN)
(Cor Pulmonale)

A

Emphysema

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5
Q
  • Chronic productive cough
  • Purulent sputum
  • Rhonchi
  • Wheezing
  • Tachypnea
  • SOB
  • Hypoxia
  • Hypercapnia
  • Cyanosis; “blue bloater”
  • Severe barrel chest
  • Polycythemia
  • Weight loss
  • Cor Pulmonale
A

Chronic Bronchitis

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6
Q

What is the most significant concern for Chronic Bronchitis?

A

Recurrent pulmonary infections

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7
Q
  • Tachypnea
  • Dyspnea
  • SOB
  • Low O2 sat
  • Diminished lung sounds
  • Hyperventilation
  • Chest Pain
  • Sweating, lightheadedness or fainting
  • Weak pulse
  • Tachycardia
  • Pulmonary HTN
A

Pulmonary Embolism

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8
Q

-Increased chest pain with coughing or breathing
-Tachypnea (sudden)
-Dyspnea (sudden)
-Hemoptysis
-Fever
Hypoxia

A

Large Emboli

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9
Q
  • Severe crushing chest pain
  • Low CP
  • Rapid weak pulse
  • Loss of consciousness
A

Massive emboli

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10
Q
  • Malaise
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Fatigue
  • Anorexia
  • Low-grade fever
  • Chest pain
  • Cough with bloody sputum
A

TB

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11
Q
  • Diffuse spread
  • Insidious onset
  • Yellow-green purulent mucus
  • Inflammatory exudate in alveoli
  • Productive cough
  • Moderate fever
  • Rales
A

Bronchopneumonia

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12
Q
  • Localized spread
  • Community acquired
  • Rusty sputum
  • Consolidation in alveoli from exudate
  • Fibrous exudate
  • Pus in pleural lining (Anti-Ampiema)
  • Productive cough
  • Rales
  • High fever with chills
  • Fatigue
  • Leukocytosis
  • Confusion and disorientation (from low O2)
A

Lobar Pneumonia

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13
Q

Interstitial Pneumonia

A
  • No exudate - dry cough
  • Insidious onset
  • Diffuse
  • Interstitial inflammation
  • Hoarseness
  • Sore throat
  • Mild fever
  • Malaise
  • Self-limiting
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14
Q
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Tachycardia
  • Cyanosis
  • Expirational Dyspnea
  • Blood tinged sputum
  • Wheezes and crackles
  • Confusion
  • Restlessness
  • Orthopnea
A

Left sided CHF

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15
Q

Right Sided CHF

A
  • ascites
  • fatigue
  • peripheral venous pressure
  • dependent edema
  • enlarged liver and spleen
  • distended jugular vein
  • anorexia, complaints of GI distress
  • swelling of hands and feet
  • orthopnea
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16
Q

Patients with Left sided CHF will have increased levels of what hormone?

A

BNP

17
Q

Patients with Emphysema will have decreased levels of…?

A

Alpha-1 Anti-Trypsin

18
Q

“silent”

-CNS changes

A

HTN

19
Q

If a patient has elevated C-Reactive protein, what condition may they have?

A

MI

20
Q

What are the classic manifestations of MI for MEN?

A
  • chest pain - radiates down left arm
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • syncope
  • anxiety
  • sweating
  • indigestion
  • pallor
  • anxiety, fear
21
Q
  • confusion
  • increased HR
  • decreased BP
  • increased respiratory rate and depth
  • decreased CO
  • cool skin
  • decrease in body temp
  • low hemoglobin and HCT
A

Hemorrhagic Shock

22
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A
  • increased HR
  • increased RR
  • decreased BP
  • impaired cerebral perfusion –> anxiety and delirium
  • crackles
  • cyanosis
  • decreased cap refill
  • cool, clammy skin
  • decreased renal blood flow
  • decreased UO
  • increased concentration of Na
23
Q
  • increased HR
  • decreased BP
  • chest pain
  • wheezing
  • stridor
  • flushing
  • pruritis
  • uticaria
  • nausea/vomiting
  • syncope
  • sweling of lips and tongue
  • angioedema
A

Anaphylactic shock

24
Q
  • decreased BP
  • decreased RR
  • crackles
  • warm then cool skin
  • vital organ dysfunction
A

Septic Shock

25
Q
  • decreased HR
  • decreased BP
  • decreased RR
  • syncope
  • dry, warm skin
A

Neurogenic shock

26
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

(decreased metabolism)

  • fatigue
  • intolerance to cold
  • dry skin, loss of hair
  • decreased HR (bradycardia)
  • myxedema coma
  • constipation
  • goiter
27
Q
  • diarrhea
  • increased HR / arrhythmia
  • increased BP
  • oily skin
  • fine hair
  • goiter
  • exopthalmos
  • heat intolerance
  • weakness
  • oligomenorrhea
A

Hyperthyroidism

28
Q
  • muscle spasms
  • hyperphosphatemia
  • increased neuroexcitability
  • diarrhea
  • cramps
  • increased peristalsis
  • tetany
  • Chvostek and trousseau
A

Hypoparathyroidism

29
Q
  • muscle weakness
  • decreased neuroexcitability
  • bone disease
  • polyuria
  • calcium stones / kidney stones
  • constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, anorexia
A

Hyperparathyroidism

30
Q
  • edema/3rd spacing
  • decreased UO
  • concentrated urine
  • hyponatremia –> irritability, disorientation, weakness, headache, psychosis, seizure, coma, anorexia, nausea, vomit
A

SIADH

31
Q
  • hypernatremia - CNS manifestations
  • polyuria
  • dehydration
  • excessive thirst
  • decrease in blood volume
  • shock (hypovolemic)
A

Diabetes Insipidus

32
Q

Addison

A
  • hypoglycemia –> weakness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, vomit/nausea/diarrhea
  • salt cravings (due to lack of aldosterone)
  • dehydration
  • hyponatremia
  • hyperkalemia
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • hyperpigmentation
33
Q

Cushing’s

A
  • moonface
  • buffalo hump
  • obesity of trunk
  • fat pad
  • muscle weakness
  • osteoporosis
  • kidney stones
  • glucose intolerance –> hyperglycemia
  • suppression of immunity
  • hypokalemia
  • impaired stress response

Patho Exam 2 (4 decks)

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