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Disease And Pathogens Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define phagocytosis:

A

Through the second line of defence when phagocytes destroy foreign matter.

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1
Q

Define phagocytes:

A

(White blood cells) that engulf and destroy any foreign matter (pathogens) that gets into the body.

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2
Q

Define antigen :

A

Specific chemicals on the pathogen.

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3
Q

Define pathogen:

A

A disease causing agent

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4
Q

Define histamine:

A

A chemical that causes inflammation, itchy throat and runny nose. The symptoms are designed to expel or limit pathogens.

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5
Q

Diseases can be spread by air:

A

Sneezing, coughing . Flu

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6
Q

Diseases can be spread by water:

A

Dirty water etc.

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7
Q

Diseases can be spread by contact:

A

Physical

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8
Q

Diseases can be spread by vectors:

A

Animals - Mosquitos (malaria) etc.

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9
Q

3rd line of defence

A

Specific memory cells eg. Chicken pox, antibodies and antigens…. Antihistamines

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10
Q

2nd line of defence

A

Phagocytes- inflammation (fever)

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11
Q

1st line of defence

A

Non specific- eg. Stomach acids, skin (intact), saliva

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12
Q

Why do we take antihistamine tablets?

A

To remove the symptoms caused by the body mistaking harmless substances for harmful pathogens (allergic reaction)

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13
Q

Interferon (2nd line of defence)

A

Attacked by the pathogen, signals neighbouring cells and they activate defence mechanisms (activate immune cells that come to affected area)

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14
Q

Mast cells

A

Release histamine (causes inflammation)

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15
Q

What is an antigen??

A

A chemical on the surface of a pathogen

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16
Q

What are antibodies ?

A

Specific proteins that destroy pathogens.

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17
Q

What is given to the body in a vaccination?

A

Dead or weakened pathogens or part of their antigens

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18
Q

How does vaccination work?

A

Memory cells are produced. They remain in the body to produce the necessary antibodies if there is a infection of a live pathogen.

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19
Q

When your immune system produces memory cells against a pathogen you get:

A

Acquired immunity.

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20
Q

There is no vaccine available for :

A

HIV/ AIDS

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21
Q

What type of microbe is the smallest?

A

Virus

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22
Q

How can infectious diseases spread?

A

The harmful microbe passes from person to person

23
Q

Betadine is an

A

Antiseptic

24
Q

What is the cause of athletes foot?

A

A skin infection by fungus

25
Q

How is influenza spread?

A

In droplets when people cough and sneeze

26
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

They invade cells no direct them to make new viruses.

27
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A chemical on the surface of a pathoge.

28
Q

Bacteria disease:

A

Leprosy

29
Q

Prion disease:

A

Mad cow disease

30
Q

Virus disease:

A

HIV/AIDS

31
Q

Fungi disease:

A

Athletes foot

32
Q

What is inflammation?

A

The reaction of the body to an infection (eg. Fever)

33
Q

Define phagocyte

A

Certain type of white blood cell that engulfs or destroys pathogens

34
Q

What is phagocytosis ?

A

Action of phagocytes destroying pathogens

35
Q

What’s antiseptic ?

A

Agents used to inhibit or destroy microbes on living tissue

36
Q

What is the control Center in the reflex arc?

A

The spinal chord

37
Q

What is the purpose of a reflex arc?

A

To keep you safe

38
Q

Why arnt hormones involved in the reflex arc?

A

Because they’re slow acting

39
Q

What cells are involved in the reflex arc?

A
  • sensory
  • inter
  • motor
40
Q

Bacteria is

A

Prokaryotic

41
Q

A virus is

A

Neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic

42
Q

Fungi is

A

Eukaryotic

43
Q

Prion is

A

Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic

44
Q

Protist is

A

Eukaryotic

45
Q

Does bacteria have DNA/RNA?

A

Yes

46
Q

Does virus have DNA/RNA

A

Yes

47
Q

Does fungi have DNA/RNA?

A

Yes

48
Q

Does prion have DNA/RNA ?

A

No

49
Q

Does protist have DNA/RNA ?

A

Yes

50
Q

Does bacteria have a cell wall?

A

Yes

51
Q

Does virus have. Cell wall?

A

No

52
Q

Does prion have a cell wall?

A

No

53
Q

Does fungi have a cell wall?

A

Yes

54
Q

Does protist have a cell wall?

A

No

Science (14 decks)

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