Disease Flashcards
Define Disease
Any condition in which parts of the body do not function correctly
What is a pathogen
An organism that causes disease
Name 3 diseases caused by bacteria
tetanus, whooping cough, meningoccocal
What are viruses and how to they reproduce?
- Pathogens about 100 times smaller than bacteria (can only be seen under a microscope)
- Contain DNA, but are not living things because they do not need nutrients
- Only grow inside of cells they have invaded (host cells), and make thousands of copies of itself inside the host cell, before it bursts and spreads
What are 3 examples of viruses?
The flu, mumps, measles
What are parasites?
An organism that takes nutrients from a host organism
What are 3 examples of parasites?
Malaria, lice, fleas
What is fungi?
- decomposers varying in size
- rarely are life threatening
- disperse using spores (single celled with tough skin)
- They grow in warm, moist environments
- contagious
disease caused by fungus?
Candida auris infection
What is the first line of defence?
It prevents pathogens from entering the body
What body parts are part of the first line of defence?
hese include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, ‘friendly’ bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils
What is the second line of defence?
The second line of defence is when phagocytes (eg neutrophils and macrophages) engulf pathogens in areas of inflammation and fever and form pus, however they die in the process.
What is the role of lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes make antibodies, which cause pathogens to clump together, helping macrophages and neutrophils to kill them more effectively.
Antibodies and memory lymphocytes stay in the body so that the next time you are exposed to the sane pathogen your body can respond faster, killing them before you get sick.
What is vaccination?
Vaccination is when a weakened or dead version of the disease is injected into the body. Whilst the pathogen is harmless, the body still responds by producing antibodies. Your body makes memory lymphocytes which are stored in the body. Sometimes, booster shots are required if the memory cells do not last.
What are the methods of indirect transmission?
Contaminated surfaces Airborne Insects or animals Food and Water Cuts and Wounds
