Disease Flashcards
What is an infectious disease? Give example
A disease spread by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. malaria tuberculosis HIV/AIDS
What is a contagious disease? Give example
A class of infectious disease spread directly or indirectly between people. Covid-19, influenza
What is an endemic disease?
A disease that exists permanently in a geographical area or population group.
What is an epidemic?
An outbreak that attacks many people at the same time and spreads throughout a population group.
What is a pandemic?
An epidemic that has spread worldwide.
What are communicable diseases? Give examples
Those that can be spread from host to host but do not require quarantine. Ebola, covid-19
What is epidemeology?
The branch of medicine dealing with the distribution, incidence and and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
What is a zoonotic disease?
Infectious diseases spread from animals to humans.
What is a degenerative disease?
Diseases caused by the breakdown in cells and organs resulting in the loss of function.
What is a lifestyle disease?
A disease encouraged by poor habits or diets.
What is the frictional affect of distance?
The incidence of disease decreasing the further away you are from it.
Name some of the most and least obese countries/regions in the world?
Most: USA, Saudi Arabia, Middle East, Pacific islands
Least: Sub Saharan Africa, South east Asia.
Name the four types of spatial diffusion.
Expansion, contagious, relocation, hierarchical
Outline expansion diffusion. (give examples)
A disease that has a source and spreads outwards into new areas. Carriers in the source remain infected. (Spanish flu, Swine flu)
Outline contagious diffusion.
Caused by direct contact with the carrier and is strongly influenced by distance with the carrier.
Outline hierarchical diffusion. ( give examples)
A disease spreading through an order of places, usually from the largest centres with high connectivity to the smallest with little connectivity. AIDS/HIV, Swine flu
Outline relocation diffusion. (give examples)
A disease leaves its area of origin and moves to new areas affecting a new population. HIV, Cholera in Haiti.
What is the key idea of the epidemiological transition?
As countries develop economically the frequency of communicable disease decreases and the prevalence on non-communicable increases.
Why does the development of a countries economy lead to the decrease of communicable disease and growth of non-communicable disease?
They will have a more advanced health service to prevent communicable disease. The population gets older and contracts more non-communicable disease. When communicables are killed of non-communicables are easier to contract.
Why might we see a rise in communicable disease in the future?
The world is more interconnected and so the diseases can spread more easily. Communicables are growing in resistance to drugs and so will infect more people.
Name and outline stage 1 of the epidemiological transition.
Pestilence and famine: High death rate due to not very advanced healthcare. Often war and famine taking place. People living in poor conditions allows infectious diseases to easily spread to stop populations from growing. No countries are in this phase.
Name and outline stage 2 of the epidemiological transition.
Receding pandemics: There is a growth in nutrition, sanitation and medical care which leads to less disease and growing population rate. Health is not evenly spread though. Most LIDCs are in this phase
Name and outline stage 3 of the epidemiological transition.
Degenerative disease: People live old, inactive lifestyles so they are more likely to catch dementia, CVD, obesity, diabetes. Many EDCs are in this phase
Name and outline stage 4 of the epidemiological transition.
Disease gaining resistance to medicine and more disease passing from animals to humans. Causes population decrease and more quarantine. More travel between countries. Some ACs are in this phase
