Discussion 2

Question 1

-documents that are public in nature and that these documents are notarized by a notary public or any person authorized by law.

Answer 1

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

Question 2

documents executed by a private individual and that this document is concerned with the contention of a private individual.

Answer 2

PRIVATE DOCUMENT

Question 3

-documents in which authority of law or any office and/or agency of the government are its source.

Answer 3

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT

Question 4

-documents that are concerned to commercial affairs and are in accordance with the mercantile law.

Answer 4

COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT

Question 5

• anyone who examines adequate exemplars of document and provides conclusions, reasons, and photographic demonstration in court, so that the court can make its own determination in giving appropriate decision

Answer 5

FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINER

Question 6

GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION ARE?

Answer 6

Documents with Questioned Signatures

Documents containing alleged fraudulent alterations

Holograph document questioned or disputed

Documents attached on the questions of their age or date

Document investigated on the question of type writing/computer prints

Documents or writings investigated because it is alleged that they identify some person through handwriting

Question 7

From the moment that the genuineness of the document is questioned, it should be handled and cared for in manner that will not impair in the slightest degree of its

Answer 7

EVIDENTIARY VALUE.

Question 8

The exact physical condition of every part of a suspected document should be carefully observed in detail and made a matter of definite written record and thereafter the documents should be preserved as far possible in ______

Answer 8

EXACTLY THE SAME CONDTION AS IT WAS FIRST SUSPECTED.

Question 9

SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF EXAMINATION ARE?

Answer 9

A-ANALYSIS
C-COMPARISON
E-EVALUATION

Question 10

recognition of the characteristics

Answer 10

A-ANALYSIS

Question 11

• properties or characteristics are observed, measured and determined.

Answer 11

A-ANALYSIS

Question 12

complete interpretation of characteristics.

Answer 12

C-COMPARISON

Question 13

properties of the unknown items are compared with the familiar or recorded properties of known items.

Answer 13

C-COMPARISON

Question 14

• correct interpretation of characteristics.

Answer 14

E-EVALUATION

Question 15

similarities or dissimilarities in property or characteristics that have certain value for identification are determined by their likelihood or occurrence.

Answer 15

E-EVALUATION

Question 16

Who conducts the Preliminary Examination?

Answer 16

• It should be conducted by a QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXPERT.

Question 17

• it is the result of a very complicated series of acts being as a whole, a combination of certain form of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by a long continued painstaking effort

Answer 17

Handwriting

Question 18

KINDS OF WRITING:

Answer 18

A. Cursive

B. Script

C. Block

Question 19

Writing in which the letter or for the most part joint together

Answer 19

Cursive

Question 20

Separate and printing writing

Answer 20

B. Script

Question 21

All letters are capitalized

Answer 21

C. Block

Question 22

Two Groups of Muscles Involve in Handwriting

Answer 22

1. Extensor Muscles
2. Flexor Muscles

Question 23

Push up the pen to form the upward strokes

Answer 23

1. Extensor Muscles

Question 24

Which push the pen to form the downward strokes.

Answer 24

2. Flexor Muscles

Question 25

The delicate way in which the various muscles used in writing work together to produce written form is known as?

Answer 25

motor coordination

Question 26

• is the analysis of the physical characteristics and patterns of handwriting purporting to be able to identify the writer, indicating psychological state at the time of writing, or evaluating personality characteristics. It is generally considered a pseudoscience.

Answer 26

Graphology

Question 27

Act of interpret the character of personality of individual to his handwriting

Answer 27

Graphology

Question 28

FACTORS THAT AFFECT HANDWRITING ARE?

Answer 28

1. NATURAL VARIATIONS
2. TRANSITORY CHANGE
3. TREMOR

Question 29

✓ The normal or usual deviations found in a repeated specimen of an individuals handwriting or in the product of any typewrite.

Answer 29

1. NATURAL VARIATIONS

Question 30

Changes which only continue to exist while the basic cause of the deterioration is still affecting the writer, once such has been removed from the writer, his writing will revert to its normal form.

Answer 30

2. TRANSITORY CHANGE

Question 31

✓ The weakening of strokes set apart by a wavering or shaky stroke. This may be due to genuine tremor caused by either sickness, weakness, old age or illiteracy or a tremor of fraud.

Answer 31

3. TREMOR

Question 32

KINDS OF TREMOR ARE?

Answer 32

1. GENUINE TREMOR
2. TREMOR OF ILLETERACY
3. TREMOR OF FRAUD

Question 33

show some free connecting and terminal stroke made by the momentum of the hand. This is due to sickness, weakness, disease or old age.

Answer 33

1. GENUINE TREMOR

Question 34

characterized by irregularity due to the lack of will and mental uncertainty as to the form of general clumsiness, resulting from unfamiliarity with the whole writing process.

Answer 34

2. TREMOR OF ILLETERACY

Question 35

• which is drawn even though quite perfect in general form, shows but little, if any freedom and will often show hesitation at the wrong places and tremor slowly placed.

Answer 35

3. TREMOR OF FRAUD

Question 36

TYPES OF HANDWRITING

Answer 36

DISGUISED WRITING
GUIDED WRITING
NATURAL WRITING

Question 37

• a writing specimen that is executed deliberately with an attempt to alter the usual writing habits in order to conceal its real manner and features.

Answer 37

DISGUISED WRITING

Question 38

also known as assisted writing. It is executed while the writers hand is steadied in a way

Answer 38

GUIDED WRITING

Question 39

• a writing that is written normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits and its usual quality of execution!

Answer 39

NATURAL WRITING

Question 40

✓ Refers to the standard of handwriting instruction taught in particular school.

Answer 40

SCHOOL COPY BOOK FORM (school model)

Question 41

Classes of copybook depend on the standard school copy adopted by a writer.

Answer 41

SCHOOL COPY BOOK FORM (school model)

Question 42

THE HANDWRITING MOVEMENT ARE?

Answer 42

1. FINGER MOVEMENT
2. HAND MOVEMENT
3. FOREARM MOVEMENT
4. WHOLE-ARM MOVEMENT

Question 43

✔ this avails the thumb, index, and middle fingers which serve as pivotal points for changing the direction of writing
✓ Usually employed by children or illiterates ✓ Basically, a push-and-pull movement

Answer 43

1. FINGER MOVEMENT

Question 44

✓ Entails the action of the hand as a whole, the point of pivot is the wrist
✓ A step further from finger movement, although the span of writing is still restricted
✓ Freedom in long strokes and continuity of motion in not possible.

Answer 44

2. HAND MOVEMENT

Question 45

✓ Produced by movement of both hand and arm and fingers in some cases with the elbow as point of pivot that changes in the direction of the strokes.

Show the greatest freedom and speed of writing.

✓ Words tend to be connected, baseline even, size of letters uniform, with smooth regular long strokes and curves.

Answer 45

3. FOREARM MOVEMENT

Question 46

✓ Involves the action of the entire arm without rest and is employed largely in green board writing.

✓ Writing produced is different from the slow drawing motion employed in simulating a model or copy

Answer 46

4. WHOLE-ARM MOVEMENT