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Discussion 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is a rapid self-sustaining oxidization process accompanied by the release of heat and light of different intensities.

A

FIRE

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2
Q

An active chemical reaction that takes place between fuel, heat and oxygen in the form of light and noticeable heat.

A

FIRE

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3
Q

can be started and sustained only when fuel and oxygen are available in the correct ratios

A

A FIRE

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4
Q

source is required to produce these vapours at the surface of the solid or liquids..

A

A HEAT

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5
Q

is produced when the new molecules are formed and this new form of heat can be sufficient to continue the vaporization process of the fuel or it may well be released such a rate that the overall process is accelerated.

A

HEAT

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6
Q

The graphical representation of the three elements of fire, namely; Oxygen, heat, and fuel. These elements are necessary to create /produced fire in equal proportion.

A

Fire Triangle

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7
Q

A form of energy measured in degree of temperature, the product of combustion that caused the spread of fire.

A

HEAT

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8
Q

HEAT SOURCES;

A

Open flame
Hot surface
Electrical circuit
Friction
Sparks
All sources of ignition

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9
Q

COMMON SOURCES OF HEAT

A

Chemical Energy
Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Heat
get up
Light

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10
Q

The most common source of heat in combustion reactions. An energy released as a result of a chemical reaction such as combustion. When any combustibles is in contact with oxygen oxidation occurs.

A

1, Chemical Energy

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11
Q

An energy developed when electrons flow through a conductor. Electrical energy can generate temperatures high enough to ignite any combustible materials near the heated gases.

A
  1. Electrical Energy
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12
Q

Factors involving Electrical Heating are:

A

current flow through a resistance
arcing
sparking
static
lightning

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13
Q

An energy generated when atoms either split apart or combine. Nuclear power plants generate power as a result of the fission of Uranium

A
  1. Nuclear Energy
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14
Q

An energy created by friction and compression.

A
  1. Mechanical Energy
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15
Q

The movement If two surfaces againts each other. This movement produced sparks being generated.

A

HEAT OF FRICTION

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16
Q

Heat is generated when a gas is compressed in a container or cylinder.

A

HEAT OF COMPRESSION

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17
Q

Elements of Fire Triangle

A

A. HEAT
B. Light
C. Oxygen
D. Fuel

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18
Q

An energy that is transferred between two objects of differing temperature such as sun and the earth.

A

A. HEAT

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19
Q

A visible radiation created at the atomic level such as flame produced during combustion

A

LIGHT

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20
Q

A colorless and odorless gas and one of the composition of air that supports fire which is approximately 21% oxygen. Some fuels contain enough oxygen within their make up to support burning.

A

B. OXYGEN

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21
Q

The material or substance being oxidized or burned in the combustion process.

A

C. FUEL

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22
Q

The fire triangle theory describes of three elements of a fire.

A

FIRE TETRAHEDRON

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23
Q

ELEMENTS OF FIRE TETRAHEDRON

A

Oxidizing agent
Reducing agent
Temperature
Self sustained chemical reaction

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24
Q

Material/substance that yield or provides oxygen or oxidizing gases needed during the process of a chemical reaction.

A
  1. Oxidizing Agent
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25
Material/substance being burned in the combustion process. The fuel in a combustion reaction is known as the reducing agent. Most common fuels contain carbon along with combinations of hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Reducing Agent
26
The energy component of the fire tetrahedron. When heat comes in contact with a fuel, the energy supports the combustion process.
3. Temperature
27
This process is necessary for continuous combustion.
4. Self-Sustained Chemical Reaction
28
The transfer of heat from the initial source to other fuels in and beyond the area of fire origin.
TRANSMISSIOM OF HEAT
29
Method of heat transfer Type:
Conduction Convection Radiation Direct flame contact
30
- a heat transfer in which a fire heated object is in direct contact with another, cooler object and heated.
1. Conduction
31
- a heat transfer that occurs when the fire heats the air near it, causing the heated air to rise.
2. Convection
32
- a transfer of heat through light/heat waves.
3. Radiation
33
- fire spreads along or through a burning material by flame contact.
4. Direct flame Contact
34
The heat causes objects to give off flammable gases. When the gases reach their ignition temperature light is given off during the oxidation or fire. Fire itself generates more heat to the object and thus an endless cycle begins until all of the gases have been exhausted from an object. Then the remaining particles or ash are what is left.
THE NATURE OF FIRE
35
The chemical process whereby fire consumes the most solid part of the fuel. It is the thermal decomposition of a solid fuel through the action of heat. .
PYROLYSIS
36
The most common type of FREE RADICALS (combustible vapours)
1. Hydrogen Gas 2. Carbon Monoxide 3. Carbon Dioxide 4. Nitrogen
37
The chemical composition of the fuel, percentage of oxygen present, and the temperature of the fire. These components remain when other products of combustion cool to normal temperature
FIRE GASES
38
TYPES OF POISONOUS GASES:
1. HYDROGEN SULFIDE 2. HYDROGEN CYANIDE 3. HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
39
A fire gas formed during fires involving organic material containing sulfur.
1. HYDROGEN SULFIDE
40
A toxic-starve fires involving nitrogen-containing materials
2. HYDROGEN CYANIDE
41
A gas which can be fatal after only a few breaths, is produced in fires involving chloride-containing plastic
3. HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
42
The luminous body of a burning gas which gets hotter and less luminous when mixed with more oxygen.
FLAME
43
A flame is the visible (light emitting) part of a fire.. It is caused by a highly exothermic reaction.
Flame Defined:
44
TYPES OF FLAME
According to color and completeness of combustion According to burning fuel and air mixture Based on smoothness
45
- a reddish orange in color. It deposits soot because it is a product of incomplete combustion; it has lower temperature.
1. According to color and Completeness of Combustion A. Luminous flame
46
- bluish in color, it does not deposit soot because it is a product of complete combustion; it has a higher temperature than luminous flame.
According to color and completeness of combustion B. Non-luminous flame
47
Example of bunsen burner
According to burning fuel and air mixture Premixed flame
48
Example of flame of the torch
According to burning fuel and air mixture Diffusion flame
49
- flame is laminar when a particle follows a smooth path through a gaseous flame.
3. Based on smoothness A. Laminar flame
50
- those having unsteady, irregular swirls and eddies.
Based on smoothness B. Turbulent flame
51
A form of energy generated by the transmission of some other form of energy
HEAT
52
A form of energy measured in degree of temperature it is the product of combustion that spread the fire.
Heat defined
53
A visible product of incomplete combustion, a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, CO, CO2, and finely divided particles released from the burning material.
SMOKE
54
PROPERTIES OF FIRE ARE
Physical properties Chemical properties
55
The lowest temperature at which a product produces sufficient flammable vapour to produces sustained combustion after the removal of the primary source.
Physical properties fire point
56
The lowest temperature at which a product produces enough vapour to produce a flash through the application of a small ignition source near the surface of the product.
FLASH POINT
57
The temperature at which the material os heated to initiate sustained combustion, once ignited.
IGNITION TEMPERATURE
58
The lowest pressure at which a liquid at a given temperature in a closed container will remain in the liquid phase without evaporation.
VAPOUR PRESSURE
59
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction Oxidation Combustion
60
are changes whereby energy is absorbed or is added before the reaction takes place.
1. Endothermic reaction
61
- reactions are changes that release or give off energy thus they produce substances with less energy than the reactants.
2. Exothermic reaction
62
a chemical change on which combustible material and oxidizing agent react
3. Oxidation
63
- the manifestation of fire when the fire is in its gas-phased combustion.
4. Combustion
64
MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION
Combustible materials Flammable materials Classification of fire
65
All materials, such as solids, gases and liquids are combustibles, depending on the temperature.
Combustible Materials
66
Most materials are flammable; when ignited, the product will immediately catch fire, without raising the temperature of the material.
Flammable Materials
67
By knowing the classes of fire a certain material will fall into., you will be able to make intelligent fire fighting decisions.
Classification of fire
68
Based on Cause Fire
1. Natural Fire 2. Accidental Fire 3. Intentional Fire
69
are classified by their chemical, physical properties, usage.
Gases
70
- chemical properties of gases are of prime interest to firefighters, as they reflect the ability of the gas to react within it or with other materials.
1. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
71
- is the physical behaviour of a gas both outside and inside its container and when accidentally released, these are of prime interest to firefighters.
2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
72
- classification of gases is made by their usage. However, there will be match overlapping in theses usages 1. Fuel Gases 2. Industrial Gases 3. Medical Gases
Usage
73
is normally freely available in the atmosphere since it makes up one fifth (20%) of the air we breathe.
OXYGEN
74
Fire or combustion is a chemical process caused by the combination of one or more substances with oxygen. In order to start this chemical process, normally an initial source of heat is required. During this process, fuel and oxygen are consumed and as a result, heat light, smoke and toxic gasses are produced.
COMBUSTION
75
Is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light in the forn of either a glow or flames, appearance of light flickering.
COMBUSTION
76
Physical properties are?
fire point Flash point Ignition temperature Vapor pressure
77
Chemical properties are?
Endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction Oxidation Combustion
78
Chemical properties are?
Endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction Oxidation Combustion

CDI 6 (8 decks)

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